PSYCHIC
EXPLORATION
Psychic Research and Modern Physics
Harold Puthoff and Russell Targ
Psychic Research and Modern Physics, copyright 1974 by Harold Puthoff and Russell Targ. First published by G.P. Putnams Sons in 1974 as part of Psychic Exploration: A Challenge for Science. Current edition published by Cosimo Classics in 2015.
Cover copyright 2015 by Cosimo, Inc. Cover design by www.popshopstudio.com.
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ISBN: 978-1-94452-928-4
For more information, contact us at www.cosimobooks.com
Note to the Readers: This mini-ebook was earlier published as part of a compilation of essays in Psychic Exploration: A Challenge for Science, Understanding the Nature and Power of Consciousness (originally published in 1974; reprinted by Cosimo Books in 2011), edited by Apollo 14 astronaut, moonwalker, and founder of the Institute of Noetic Sciences, Edgar Mitchell.
Each of the 28 chapters in the original Psychic Exploration was dedicated to a specific field of research in parapsychology, written by leading experts and scientists, such as Stanley Krippner, Montague Ullman, Charles Tart, Russel Targ, William Roll, Jean Houston, Willis Harman, and many others. With the advent of ebook technology, we feel that each of these unique essays deserve attention as a dedicated mini-ebook in addition to the complete version of Psychic Exploration.
If you prefer exploring specific subjects or authors, below is a complete list of the individual essays, all available as mini-ebooks. On the other hand, if you are interested in all of the essays and the field of parapsychology in general, we encourage you to read the original Psychic Exploration, available at online bookstores in both paperback and ebook versions.
However you decide to read these essays, we know you will receive a thorough introduction to psychic research in its many forms, from what is now considered a classic in the parapsychology genre. Part of the proceeds of this mini-ebook will benefit the Institute of Noetic Sciences (www.noetic.org).
INDIVIDUAL ESSAYS FROM PSYCHIC EXPLORATION
A History of Parapsychology , by Martin Ebon (978-1-94452-907-9)
Famous Western Sensitives, by Alan Vaughan (978-1-94452-908-6)
The Psychic Personality, by Gertrude Schmeidler (978-1-94452-909-3)
Telepathy, by Stanley Krippner (978-1-94452-910-9)
Clairvoyance, by Rex G. Stanford (978-1-94452-911-6)
Precognition and Retrocognition, by E. Douglas Dean (978-1-94452-912-3)
Psychokinesis, by Helmut Schmidt (978-1-94452-913-0)
Parapsychology Today, by Rhea A. White (978-1-94452-914-7)
The Psychobiology of Psi, by Robert L. Morris (978-1-94452-915-4)
Psi and Psychiatry, by Montague Ullman (978-1-94452-916-1)
Anthropology and Psychic Research, by Robert L. VanDe Castle (978-1-94452-917-8)
Man-Plant Communication, by Marcel Vogel (978-1-94452-918-5)
Psychic Photography and Thoughtography, by Jule Eisenbud (978-1-94452-919-2)
Psychic Research and the Healing Process, by Henry K. Puharich (978-1-94452-920-8)
Out-of-the-Body Experiences, by Charles T. Tart (978-1-94452-921-5)
Apparitions, Hauntings, and Poltergeists, by D. Scott Rogo (978-1-94452-922-2)
Survival Research: Problems and Possibilities, by William G. Roll (978-1-94452-923-9)
The Emergence of Para physics: Research and Applications, by James B. Beal (978-1-94452-924-6)
The Emergences of Para physics: Theoretical Foundations, by Brendan OReagan (978-1-94452-925-3)
Psychic Research in the Soviet Union, by Thelma Moss (978-1-94452-926-0)
Devices for Monitoring Nonphysical Energies, by William A. Tiller (978-1-94452-927-7)
Psychic Research and Modem Physics, by Harold Puthoff and Russell Targ (978-1-94452-928-4)
Consciousness and Quantum Theory, by Evan Harris Walker (978-1-94452-929-1)
Psychic Phenomena and Mystical Experience, by Lawrence L. Leshan (978-1-94452-930-7)
Myth, Consciousness, and Psychic Research, by Jean Houston (978-1-94452-931-4)
Consciousness and Extraordinary Phenomena, by Robert Masters (978-1-94452-932-1)
Psi-Conducive States of Awareness, by Charles Honorton (978-1-94452-933-8)
The Social Implications of Psychic Research, by Willis W. Harman (978-1-94452-934-5)
Psychic Research and Modern Physics
Harold Puthoff and Russell Targ
SUMMARY
This chapter describes the application of concepts of modern physics to the study of psychic functioning. Included are a discussion of an example of a theoretical model of precognition that is testable and is compatible with contemporary physics, and descriptions of recent experiments using instruments that have exceptional sensitivity.
Experiments are described in which (a) a subject was able to control the electrical output of a well-shielded superconducting magnetometer, (b) a subject was able to deflect systematically a low-energy electron beam, and (c) a subject demonstrated an ability to enhance ESP functioning by the use of an automatic random generator that provided feedback and reinforcement.
The primary aim of the chapter is to show that it is possible to construct and test hypotheses available in the frontier areas of physics as an approach to the explanation of parapsychological phenomena often thought to be incompatible with modern physics. Thus, this chapter presents an example of a physicists approach to the problem involving the setting up of an hypothesis, and the design of an experiment toward the goal of comparison of theory and result.
INTRODUCTION
Throughout mankinds history there has existed a folklore that certain gifted individuals have been capable of producing physical effects by means of some agency generally referred to as psychic or psychoenergetic. Substantiation of such claims by accepted scientific methodology has been slow in coming, but recent laboratory experiments, especially in the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia, and more recently in our own laboratory, have indicated that sufficient evidence does exist to warrant serious scientific investigation. From the evidence it would appear that experiments can be conducted with sufficient scientific rigor to uncover not just a catalog of interesting events but rather a pattern of cause-effect relationships of the type that lend themselves to analysis and hypothesis in the forms with which we are familiar in the physical sciences.
At the present time there is a very substantial literature describing carefully conducted experiments to demonstrate the existence of extraordinary human functioning. This includes both the perception of information not presented to any known sense and human influence exerted on physical systems without use of any known physical means. Many of these experiments have been examined, criticized, and verified by statisticians, biologists, and psychologists. We consider it important to examine various models describing the operation of these effects so that we can determine the relationship between extraordinary human functioning and the physical and psychological laws we presently understand. It is not the purpose of this chapter to add to the literature another demonstration of the statistical appearance of these phenomena in the laboratory. Instead, we are using techniques of feedback and reinforcement to train subjects to increase their ability so that it will be sufficiently reliable to allow us to achieve an understanding of the phenomenon, to make it more compatible with contemporary science, and ultimately more useful to mankind.