Alicia Z. Klepeis - Moon Base and Beyond: The Lunar Gateway to Deep Space
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- Book:Moon Base and Beyond: The Lunar Gateway to Deep Space
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- Publisher:Capstone
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- Year:2019
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Imagine living in space. Youre the moon aboard a new space station. The air smells of a weird mix of garbage and cleaning supplies. Fans and pumps hum as they constantly work to keep the air around you clean. LED lights make it feel like daytime. Through the window, you see clouds swirling over the blue globe of Earth.
Your day begins in the laboratory, doing science experiments. Later, your spacecraft travels closer to the moon. You can clearly see its craters and peaks. Conditions are great for a trip to the surface. Dressed in your spacesuit, you collect rock and dust samples to bring back to the station. You hope to learn more about the history of the moon and the Earth from these samples.
This scenario might seem far off in the future. But its not. Astronauts could be living and researching in orbit and on the surface of the moon by the mid-2020s.
Imagine living on the moon and seeing Earth in the sky as you see the moon now.
We always see the same side of the moon from Earth. Thats because it spins around at the same rate that it orbits Earth.
The moon has fascinated people for thousands of years. But humans didnt have the technology to get there until the 1950s. In 1959, the former Soviet Union successfully landed a small spacecraft called Luna 2 on the moon. Between 1968 and 1972, the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sent nine manned missions to the moon. Japan, China, and India have sent unmanned moon missions, too.
Today the United States has a new plan called Space Policy Directive 1. It puts exploring the moon at the top of NASAs to-do list for the first time in nearly 50 years. But the way astronauts explore the moon will change. The Apollo 11 crew spent less than 22 hours there in 1969. Future astronauts might spend six weeks at a time circling the moon and exploring its surface. Eventually, the moon could be a jumping off point for places farther out in deep space, to Mars and beyond!
Astronauts Buzz Aldrin (pictured) and Neil Armstrong became the first people to set foot on the moon in 1969.
Technology has come a long way since the first moon missions. A smartphone has more computing power than NASA had during the 1960s and early 1970s.
NASA is leading an international effort to build the Lunar Orbital Platform-Gateway. This mini space station, nicknamed Gateway, will orbit the moon. Astronaut crews will live and work there. They will test new technologies for exploring in deep space. Crews will stay at the Gateway for up to six weeks. Even when no one is living there, scientific tools on the inside and outside of Gateway will continue to gather data.
The Japanese, Canadian, and European space agencies plan to use Gateway for a robotic mission to the moon in the 2020s.
Astronauts at Gateway will also make judgments about possible living arrangements for future missions. Perhaps they will discover that smaller habitats are too difficult for long-term missions. They might find better ways to use the small spaces they have. Astronauts living on the International Space Station (ISS) today have much more space than those on Gateway will. The inside of the ISS is about the size of a five-bedroom house. But Gateway will be more like living in a camper.
Designers have gone through several versions of what Gateways design will be.
Engineers have designed Gateway to have six or seven units called station. Each module will have a specific purpose. There will likely be two modules to house the astronauts. The astronauts will live and do research there. Another module will provide solar electric power. That electricity will power the stations lights, computers, fans, and more.
| GATEWAY | ISS | |
|---|---|---|
| WEIGHT | 75 TONS | 450 TONS |
| DISTANCE FROM EARTH | MORE THAN 200,000 MILES (321,869 KM) | 250 MILES (402 KM) |
| HABITABLE MODULES* | 2-3 | 15 |
| NUMBER OF RESIDENTS | 4 | 6 |
| LENGTH OF STAY | UP TO 6 WEEKS | UP TO 6 MONTHS (TYPICALLY) |
One module will serve as a docking port. This is a bit like a garage where spacecraft coming to Gateway can both park and depart from. It will also serve as an deep space.
So how and where will Gateway be built? The plan is for unmanned rockets to send the various parts for Gateway into space. The lunar modules will then be assembled while in orbit.
The first Gateway hardware is scheduled to ship from Earth in 2022. The power and airlock. Later on, another module will allow cargo missions to bring supplies to the Gateway.
Humans cant breathe in space. Because of this, space stations must have something called an airlock. It is a small room between outer space and the space station. It keeps the air from leaking out of the space station. To go on a space walk, an astronaut dressed in a spacesuit would step into the airlock. The outside door would be closed. Once inside, the astronaut would close the inside door. All of the air would then be pumped out of the airlock. Then the astronaut would open the outside door and head into space.
Building Gateway will likely be an international effort. Russia may be building the airlock module. Japan may provide a unit to help with communications and propulsion. Canada might construct a robotic arm for outdoor work at Gateway. NASA will provide one housing module. One of its international partners will provide the other. Scientists from around the world could benefit from Gateway. NASA officials think the Gateway could be ready to house astronauts by the mid-2020s.
Special ropes called tethers connect astronauts to the spacecraft so they dont float away.
Space agencies and private companies are currently working on developing new space vehicles. One spacecraft is called Orion. Astronauts will travel to and from Gateway in Orion. This exploration vehicle is built for deep space. Orion could travel to Mars or even an asteroid.
Orion needs a boost to be lifted into orbit. So it will launch on top of a giant rocket called the to lunar orbit than any previous vehicles.
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