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Wilhelm Dittmer - Te Tohunga: The Ancient Legends and Traditions of The Maoris

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Book:
Te Tohunga: The Ancient Legends and Traditions of The Maoris
Author:
Wilhelm Dittmer
Publisher:
Palala Press
Genre:
Books / Science fiction
Year:
2016
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A
MEMORIAL
TO
THE RT. HON. R. J. SEDDON, P.C.
Premier of New Zealand, 1893-1906

TE TOHUNGA

HUPENE, THE OLD TOHUNGA

TE TOHUNGA
THE ANCIENT LEGENDS AND TRADITIONS OF THE MAORIS

ORALLY COLLECTED AND PICTURED
BY
W. DITTMER

Routledge & Sons logo

LONDON
GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, LIMITED
NEW YORK: E. P. DUTTON & CO.
1907

Nau i waka aua te kakahu, he taniko taku

(You wove the garment, I have put the border to it)

Maori Proverb

TO
THE COUNTESS OF RANFURLY

Who was a true friend to Artists and their Art in New Zealand

This Book is Dedicated

By the Author

LIST OF CONTENTS

CHAP.	PAGE
INTRODUCTION. With 2 Illustrations
I.	TIKITHE ANCESTOR OF MANKIND. With 3 Illustrations
II.	THE CREATION OF HAWAIKI. With 3 Illustrations
III.	THE POI-DANCE. With 3 Illustrations
IV.	THE CREATION OF THE STARS. With 5 Illustrations
V.	THE CHANT OF RANGI-NUI. With 2 Illustrations
VI.	TANETHE CREATION OF NATURE. With 2 Illustrations
VII.	THE FIGHT OF NIGHT AND DAY. With 2 Illustrations
VIII.	MAUITHE CREATION OF NEW ZEALAND. With 6 Illustrations
IX.	MAHUIKA. With 2 Illustrations
X.	MAUI AND MAHUIKA; MAUIS FIGHT WITH THE SUN. With 3 Illustrations
XI.	THE DEATH OF MAUI. With 2 Illustrations
XII.	TE AROHA O HINEMOA: a Legend. With 2 Illustrations
XIII.	MAUI AND IRAWARU: a Tradition. With 1 Illustration
XIV.	NGA PATU-PAIAREHE, THE CHILDREN OF THE MIST [by James Cowan]. With 3 Illustrations
XV.	TIHI-O-TE-RANGI. With 3 Illustrations
XVI.	THE BATTLE OF THE GIANTS. With 3 Illustrations
XVII.	THE COMING OF THE MAORI [by James Cowan]. With 3 Illustrations
XVIII.	TRADITIONTAMA-TE-KAPUA. With 4 Illustrations
XIX.	A TANGI. TE REINGA [by James Cowan]. With 3 Illustrations
XX.	NGAWAI. THE BURIAL OF TE HEU-HEU ON TONGARIRO. With 4 Illustrations

LIST OF FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE
1.	HUPENE, THE OLD TOHUNGA
2.	MATAPO, A BLIND TOHUNGA
3.	TANE, THE GOD OF TREES
4.	THE BIRTH OF MAUI AT MAHIKU-RANGI
5.	TANE SEARCHING FOR THE DWELLING OF THE EVENING STAR AND THE MORNING STAR
6.	NGAWAI, A MAORI CHIEFTAINESS
7.	TANE AND THE TREES
8.	MAUI ENTERS HINE-NUI-TE-POS PATAKA
9.	MAUI
10.	A TOHUNGA
11.	MAUI CHANTING INCANTATIONS
12.	MAUI FISHING NEW ZEALAND OUT OF THE OCEAN
13.	TARANGA, THE NIGHT-SUN, AND MAUI
14.	MAUIS FIGHT WITH THE SUN
15.	HINE-NUI-TE-PO KILLING MAUI
16.	HINEMOA
17.	MAUI AND IRAWARU
18.	THE MAORIS AND THE FAIRY PEOPLE
19.	A TANGI
20.	A GIANT
21.	THE BATTLE
22.	HAWAIKI
23.	THE JOURNEY
24.	THE FIRST OFFERING TO THE GODS
25.	THE BREAKING OPEN OF THE GATES OF HEAVEN
26.	TE HEU-HEU
27.	TE REINGA
28.	THE BURIAL

GLOSSARY

The pronunciation of the vowels in Maori are:

a	has the sound of	a	in rather.
e	e	in dedication.
i	ee	in sheep.
o	o	in bold.
u	oo	in cook.

Ariki: a high chief, a leader, a master, lord.

Aroha: affection, love.

Atua: a supernatural being, a god.

Atua-toko: a small carved stick, the symbol of the god whom it represents. It was stuck in the ground whilst holding incantations to its presiding god.

Haere-mai: come here, welcome.

Haere-ra: good-bye, go, farewell.

Haere-mai-ra, me o tatou mate: come here, that I may sorrow with you.

Karakia: invocation, ceremony, prayer.

Kehua: spirit, ghost.

Kia-ora: welcome, good luck. A greeting.

Kura: red. The sacred colour of the Maori.

Mana: power, authority, prestige, influence, sanctity, luck.

Mere-pounamu: a native weapon made of a rare green stone.

Mua: an old-time Polynesian god.

Piu-piu: short mat made out of flax leaves and neatly decorated.

Po: gloom, darkness, the lower world.

Rangatira: chief, warrior, gentlemen.

Reinga: the spirit land, the home of the dead.

Taiaha: a weapon made of wood.

Tangi: funeral, dirge. Assembly to cry over the dead.

Taniwha: sea monster, water spirit.

Tapu: sacred, supernatural possession of power. Under restriction.

Taua: war party.

Tiki: first man created, a figure carved of wood, or other representation of man.

Tohunga: a priest, a possessor of supernatural powers.

Tohu-mate: omen of death.

Tupuna: ancestor.

Wairua: spirit, soul.

Whare: hut made of fern stems tied together with flax and vines, and roofed in with raupo (reeds).

Whare-puni: large, and often beautifully carved and decorated house. A meeting house.

Whare-kura: the ancient sacred building of the Maoris at Hawaiki. Those who once met there in council are now regarded as their highest gods. Whare-kura is the name of the sacred history of the Maoris.

Whaka-papa: the genealogical history of the Maori, or a tribe, or a family.

PREFACE

With the drawings it began.

An expired world tried to come to life again in the fragments which some old Maori narrated. Nature all around favoured admiration only, and her loneliness was alive with longing.

Of Maori art I had never heard, and, when that art was first offered to me, I had none other to choose. At first it disgusted me. But I had to make use of my time. The evergreen nature was beautiful, and entrancing was her invitation to waste my life in her midst, as she herself was wasting hers.

To protect myself against her allurements, I began the first sketches of old carvings. Then I made more.

Sitting beside me, and looking at my work, an old Maori related the deeds of his ancestor, upon whose carved image I was at work.

And they were mighty deeds!

In the evenings later, at the camp-fire, those deeds lived again in my thoughts, and the imagination busied herself, awkwardly enough, to express new ideas with the help of new forms.

That was the beginning of the first drawing.

Out of books I could learn the old legends, but from the fragmentary narratives of my old friends they sprang into life: so the number of drawings grewaimless, purposeless.

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