The historical dictionaries present essential information on a broad range of subjects, including American and world history, art, business, cities, countries, cultures, customs, film, global conflicts, international relations, literature, music, philosophy, religion, sports, and theater. Written by experts, all contain highly informative introductory essays of the topic and detailed chronologies that, in some cases, cover vast historical time periods but still manage to heavily feature more recent events.
Brief AZ entries describe the main people, events, politics, social issues, institutions, and policies that make the topic unique, and entries are cross-referenced for ease of browsing. Extensive bibliographies are divided into several general subject areas, providing excellent access points for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more. Additionally, maps, photographs, and appendixes of supplemental information aid high school and college students doing term papers or introductory research projects. In short, the historical dictionaries are the perfect starting point for anyone looking to research in these fields.
HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES OF EUROPE
Jon Woronoff, Series Editor
Greece , by Thanos M. Veremis and Mark Dragoumis. 1995.
Romania , by Kurt W. Treptow and Marcel Popa. 1996.
United Kingdom: Volume 1, England and the United Kingdom ; Volume 2, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland , by Kenneth J. Panton and Keith A. Cowlard. 1997, 1998.
Hungary , by Steven Bla Vrdy. 1997.
Ireland , by Colin Thomas and Avril Thomas. 1997.
Russia , by Boris Raymond and Paul Duffy. 1998.
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia , by Zeljan Suster. 1999.
Belgium , by Robert Stallaerts. 1999.
Poland, 2nd edition , by George Sanford. 2003.
Estonia , by Toivo Miljan. 2004.
Bulgaria, 2nd edition , by Raymond Detrez. 2006.
Slovakia, 2nd edition , by Stanislav J. Kirschbaum. 2006.
Sweden, 2nd edition , by Irene Scobbie. 2006.
Finland, 2nd edition , by George Maude. 2007.
Georgia , by Alexander Mikaberidze. 2007.
Belgium, 2nd edition , by Robert Stallaerts. 2007.
Moldova, 2nd edition , by Andrei Brezianu and Vlad Spnu. 2007.
Switzerland , by Leo Schelbert. 2007.
Contemporary Germany , by Derek Lewis with Ulrike Zitzlsperger. 2007.
Netherlands, 2nd edition , by Joop W. Koopmans and Arend H. Huussen Jr. 2007.
Slovenia, 2nd edition , by Leopoldina Plut-Pregelj and Carole Rogel. 2007.
Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2nd edition , by Ante uvalo. 2007.
Modern Italy, 2nd edition , by Mark F. Gilbert and K. Robert Nilsson. 2007.
Belarus, 2nd edition , by Vitali Silitski and Jan Zaprudnik. 2007.
Latvia, 2nd edition , by Andrejs Plakans. 2008.
Contemporary United Kingdom , by Kenneth J. Panton and Keith A. Cowlard. 2008.
Norway , by Jan Sjvik. 2008.
Denmark, 2nd edition , by Alastair H. Thomas. 2009.
France, 2nd edition , by Gino Raymond. 2008.
Spain, 2nd edition , by Angel Smith. 2008.
Iceland, 2nd edition , by Gumunder Hlfdanarson. 2009.
Turkey, 3rd edition , by Metin Heper and Nur Bilge Criss. 2009.
Republic of Macedonia , by Dimitar Bechev. 2009.
Cyprus , by Farid Mirbagheri. 2010.
Austria, 2nd edition , by Paula Sutter Fichtner. 2009.
Modern Greece , by Dimitris Keridis. 2009.
Czech State, 2nd edition , by Rick Fawn and Ji Hochman. 2010.
Portugal, 3rd edition , by Douglas L. Wheeler and Walter C. Opello Jr. 2010.
Croatia, 3rd edition , by Robert Stallaerts. 2010.
Albania, 2nd edition , by Robert Elsie. 2010.
Malta, 2nd edition , by Uwe Jens Rudolf and Warren G. Berg. 2010.
Armenia, 2nd edition , by Rouben Paul Adalian. 2010.
Russian Federation , by Robert A. Saunders and Vlad Strukov. 2010.
Kosovo, 2nd edition , by Robert Elsie. 2011.
Lithuania, 2nd edition , by Saulius Suiedlis. 2011.
Ukraine, 2nd edition , by Ivan Katchanovski, Zenon E. Kohut, Bohdan Y. Nebesio, and Myroslav Yurkevich, 2013.
Historical Dictionary of Ukraine
Second Edition
Ivan Katchanovski, Zenon E. Kohut, Bohdan Y. Nebesio, and Myroslav Yurkevich
The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
Lanham Toronto Plymouth, UK
2013
Published by Scarecrow Press, Inc.
A wholly owned subsidiary of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc.
4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706
www.rowman.com
10 Thornbury Road, Plymouth PL6 7PP, United Kingdom
Copyright 2013 by Ivan Katchanovski, Zenon E. Kohut, Bohdan Y. Nebesio, and Myroslav Yurkevich
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Kohut, Zenon E.
Historical dictionary of Ukraine / Ivan Katchanovski, Zenon E. Kohut, Bohdan Y. Nebesio, Myroslav Yurkevich. Second edition.
pages : maps ; cm. (Historical dictionaries of Europe)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-0-8108-7845-7 (cloth : alkaline paper) ISBN 978-0-8108-7847-1 (ebook)
1. UkraineHistoryDictionaries. I. Katchanovski, Ivan. II. Nebesio, Bohdan Y. III. Yurkevich, Myroslav, 1950. IV. Title. V. Series: Historical dictionaries of Europe.
DK508.444.K64 2013
947.7003dc23 2013001295
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information SciencesPermanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992.
Printed in the United States of America
Contents
Editors Foreword
Ukraine, like most other new states in Central and Eastern Europe, is exceedingly fortunate to have recovered its independence. In this case, even more than the others, lucky is not the correct word, since its people have fought for the right to govern themselves for centuries, and for centuries they have been subject to othersworse, to various combinations of otherswith assorted parcels of territory under the control of stronger, predatory neighbors including Poland-Lithuania, Austria-Hungary, Germany, the Ottoman Empire, and, of course, the Russian Empire and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, all of which treated the locals poorly and sometimes outright cruelly. Alas, the new Ukraine is still not in an enviable position, owing to inexperience in governing a state, economic imbalances, and a decayed infrastructure, which is only exacerbated by ethnic and regional differences, corruption, and often nasty quarrels between political leaders and their parties. And it has yet to decide between a still dominant Russia and a West that is not as welcoming as hoped. If there is progress, and sometimes there is, it tends to be slow and hesitant and all too often illusory and reversed. Still, if nothing else, at least now it is the Ukrainians themselves who make the decisions and the mistakes.
If Ukraine were not such a large, strategically located, and in some ways potentially rich country it could be overlooked. But that would be very foolish. It would be equally foolish not to learn more about it, which is why this second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Ukraine is particularly welcome. It looks beyond the headlines, many of which are negative, to consider where the present state has come from and the various stages it has gone through from a time when it was just a place known as the Ukraine that belonged to someone else. This long and complicated history is traced meticulously in the chronology, and a global overview is then provided by the introduction. Without the list of acronyms, one could not get far in reading about it. But the most important section as usual is the dictionary, with about 750 often extensive entries on significant persons, places, and events; secular and religious institutions; cities, regions, and other places; economic, social, and cultural aspects; and more sadly the numerous wars and other disasters Ukraine has undergone. Finally, readers are directed to an impressive list of useful sources in an extensive bibliography.