PENGUIN BOOKS
THE NEW SPANIARDS
John Hooper was educated at St Benedicts Abbey in London and St Catharines College, Cambridge. At the age of eighteen, he travelled to Nigeria during its civil war to make a television documentary. Since then, he has spent more than twenty years as a foreign correspondent, working for among others The Economist, the Guardian, the Observer, BBC, NBC and Reuters. For several years in London, he was a presenter of BBC World Services Twenty Four Hours current affairs programme. Hooper has reported from more than thirty countries, including various war zones most recently Kosovo and Afghanistan. He developed a special affection for Spain and its people after being posted to Madrid to cover the countrys eventful transition to democracy, and later returned there. This book draws on his experiences of nine years living in Spain. Hooper is currently Rome correspondent of The Economist and the Guardian. He is married to a fellow-journalist, Lucinda Evans.
The forerunner of this book, The Spaniards, won the Allen Lane award for 1987.
JOHN HOOPER
T HE N EW S PANIARDS
Second Edition
PENGUIN BOOKS
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The Spaniards first published by Viking 1986
Revised edition published in Penguin Books 1987
New and completely revised edition published under the present title 1995
Second Edition 2006
Copyright John Hooper, 1986, 1987, 1995, 2006 All rights reserved
The moral right of the author has been asserted
978-0-14-192774-9
F OR L UCY
Contents
The Falangist ascendancy los aos de hambre cities under siege the arrival of the technocrats los aos de desarrollo Spain becomes more European internal migration in the 1960s the legacies of Spains economic miracle |
A challenge fit for a king apertura or ruptura? the fall of Arias Surez: a man in a hurry the political reform bill and referendum the birth of the UCD the 1977 election |
Fiebre autonmica Tarradellas and the restoration of the Generalitat the 1978 constitution an experiment out of controlthe fall of Surez a comic-opera coup el estado de las autonomas the Socialists ride to victory |
Gonzlezs first 100 days the nationalization of RUMASA industrial reconversion Spain joins Europe patronage and discipline the NATO referendum burying a dream |
Celebrating prosperity sex and money and High Society GAL the 1988 general strike an opposition in search of a leader Juan Guerra the FILESA affair 1992: Spains year of years the Catalan breakthrough a tide of scandal the 1996 election |
Banking on the euro the economy surges the PP wins outright Zapatero: an unexpected choice hardening attitudes, growing discord Aznar steps aside la nouvelle society nightmare in Madrid an electoral earthquake |
How Franco left his marka generous tolerance gunshots on the way to school the moles resurface forgiving, or just forgetting? coming to terms with the past |
Faith and nationhood religious (in)tolerance Freemasonry Catholics, in name at leastProtestants, Jews and Moslems Church and state el impuesto religioso the Church and Franco: from blue to red Tarancn and the transition the Peoples Party at prayer?Opus Dei |
Service areas with a difference prostitution galore promiscuity and noviazgo: less than a revolutiona double oppression the destape contraception abortion gays and lesbians: from social danger to equal rights |
Women at the top machismo whores and Madonnas womens status under Franco the gender revolution sexism and language sexual equality and sexual freedom wanted: help at home the Spanish stop having children |
Family values, families valued clinging to the nest violencia machista: domestic violence in the public eye marriage under the dictatorship the great divorce law debate alimony and divorcio a la espaola |
Anything but descafeinado the 1997 gaming reforms bingo mania the Fat One and the Child in the kingdom of the blindnarcotics your body is your own of blacks and blondes the botelln and the Ley Antibotelln |
There for them Juancarlistas, not monrquicos the Bourbons a monarchy without a monarch the battle for the succession a modest monarchy the press: censure and self-censorship the Infantas wed Prince Felipe Operacin Silenzio an heiress to the throne? |
A cold February morning the age of pronunciamientos a perilous misunderstanding Guti, Sena and the de-politicization of the army new rolesthe storming of Parsley Island a leaner, fitter officer class goodbye to the mili prosperity and pacifism |
An abhorrent entity a tradition of weak government Ahora Hacienda somos todos black money and the Torquemada of tax Aznar changes tack the cuerpos the reform of the clocks IT and e-government; techno-fear |
Bulls, donkeys and licence plates the impact of geography the Moslem shock reconquista and reunification Madrid: an artificial capital the alienation of the Catalans and Basques Nationalism and nationalism |
An impossible tongue blood and bones an isolated history traditional Basque society the Carlist wars and the abolition of the fueros industrialization and immigration Basque nationalism the civil war and the punitive decrees ETA is born the ikastolas and the revival of the language ETAs slow decline an end to terror? |
An industrious people a paradoxical past the Catalan language Catalonias Golden Age the Renaixena Catalanism from Mancomunidad to Generalitat Francos revenge invasion from the south crisis and recovery for the language |
An unhappy history Santiago de Compostela magic and witchcraft a tradition of gender equalityemigration
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