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Martin R. Howard - Walcheren 1809: Scandalous Destruction of a British Army

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Martin R. Howard Walcheren 1809: Scandalous Destruction of a British Army
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In July 1809, with the Dutch coast a pistol held at the head of England, the largest British expeditionary force ever assembled, over 40,000 men and around 600 ships, weighed anchor off the Kent coast and sailed for the island of Walcheren in the Scheldt estuary. After an initial success, the expedition stalled and as the lethargic military commander, Lord Chatham, was at loggerheads with the opinionated senior naval commander, Sir Richard Strachan, troops were dying of a mysterious disease termed Walcheren fever. Almost all the campaigns 4,000 dead were victims of disease. The Scheldt was evacuated and the return home was followed by a scandalous Parliamentary Enquiry. Walcheren fever cast an even longer shadow. Six months later 11,000 men were still registered sick. In 1812, Wellington complained that the constitution of his troops was much shaken with Walcheren.

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Table of Contents Acknowledgements S taff at the following institutions - photo 1
Table of Contents

Acknowledgements

S taff at the following institutions have given me valuable assistance: Zeeuws Archief, Middelburg; The National Archives, London; The National Archives of Scotland, Edinburgh; The National Army Museum, London. I am most grateful to Peter Blom for his generous hospitality during my visit to Walcheren and for his crucial help with source material. Thanks to Ian Robertson for his support and advice and to Jamie Wilson for giving me the opportunity to tell the little known story of one of the greatest expeditions ever to leave Britains shores.

Appendix I

Recapitulation of the Statement of the Expedition under the Command of Lt General The Earl of Chatham. Transport Office, 27 July 18091

Appendix II Names of the Ships of the Line and Frigates with their - photo 2
Appendix II

Names of the Ships of the Line and Frigates, with their Commanders, which accompanied Sir Richard Strachan to the Scheldt

ShipsGunsCommanders
Ships
St Domingo74Flag Charles Gill
Caesar80Rear Adm Edward Otway, Capt C. Richardson
Denmark74James Bisset
Victorious74J. Talbot
Blake74Rear Adm Lord Gardner, Capt E. Codrington
Audacious74Donald Campbell
Theseus74William Prowse
Repulse74Hon. A. K. Legge
Powerful74
Superb74R. Jackson
Centaur74W. H. Webley
Venerable74A. King acting for Sir H. Popham
Valiant74G. E. Hammond
Courageux74R. Plampin
York74R. Barton
Princess of Orange74Francis Beauman
Monarch74Richard Lee
Belleisle74George Cockburn
Orion74A. C. Dickson
Resolution74G. Burlton
Bellona74J. E. Douglas
Eagle74Charles Rowley
Imptueux74J. Lawford
Ganges74Peter Halket
Aboukir74G. Parker
Marlborough74G. Moore
Royal Oak74Lord Amelius Beauclerk
Alfred74J. R. Watson
Sceptre74John Ferner
Achille74
Namur74
Leyden64
Agincourt64
Monmouth64
Iris50
Adamant50
Weymouth54
Ulysses44
Serapis44
Frigates
Imprieuse44T. Garth
Rota38P. Somerville
Perlen
Lavinia44Lord William Stewart
Clyde38C. Owen
Amethyst38Sir M. Seymour
Fisgard38William Bolton
Statira38C. W. Boys
Hotspur38Hon. J. Percy
Euryalus38G. H. L. Dundas
Salcette38W. Bathurst
St Fiorenzo36
Thalia36
Aigle36Wolfe
Nymphen36K. Maxwell
Dryad36Galway
Heroine32
Bucelphus32
Aimable32Lord G. Stewart
Pallas32
Circe32
Camilla24

To these were attached: 33 Sloops of War of from 14 to 18 guns 5 bomb-vessels 23 gun-brigs 17 hired cutters 14 revenue cutters 5 tenders 82 gun-boats 150 flat-bottomed boats all the dockyard lighters, with anchors, cables and hawsers, for assisting ships that might get on shore all the fast-sailing smuggling vessels which could be procured by hiring them every rowing galley at Deal and Folkestone transports to convey military stores and provisions, making the amount of hired shipping near 100,000 tons.

A Collection of Papers Relating to the Expedition to the Scheldt , pp. 34952; Brenton, E. P., The Naval History of Great Britain , Vol. II, pp. 28991

Armes en flute (some guns removed)

Appendix III

Memorandum for the Quartermaster General: His Majesty has been pleased to approve of the under mentioned officers being attached to the force about to proceed on a particular service [The Expedition to the Scheldt]

Horse Guards 7 July 1809

Lt General The Earl of Chatham Commander of the Forces
Lt General Sir Eyre Coote Second in Command
Lt General Sir John Craddock KBE
Lt General The Earl of Rosslyn
Lt General The Marquis of Huntley
Lt General Grosvenor
Lt General Sir John Hope KB
Lt General Mackenzie Fraser
Lt General Lord Paget
Lt General Brownrigg

Maj General Linsingen
Maj General T. Graham
Maj General Earl of Dalhousie
Maj General Dyott
Maj General Leith
Maj General Picton
Maj General William Stewart
Maj General Sir William Erskine

Brig General Houston
Brig General Disney
Brig General Montresor
Brig General Ackland
Brig General Sontag
Brig General Rottenburg
Brig General Brown

Colonel Thomas Mahon and Colonel Baron Alten as Colonels on the Staff

NAS, GD364/1/1187

Craddock remained in the Peninsula and did not accompany the expedition to the Scheldt.

Appendix IV

The Organisation and Strength of the British Army under the Earl of Chatham on 31 July 1809

THE ARMY ON WALCHEREN Lt General Sir Eyre Coote

LIGHT DIVISION Lt General Earl of Rosslyn RESERVE Lt General Sir John Hope - photo 3
LIGHT DIVISION Lt General Earl of Rosslyn RESERVE Lt General Sir John Hope - photo 4

LIGHT DIVISION Lt General Earl of Rosslyn

RESERVE Lt General Sir John Hope 2nd DIVISION Lt General Marquis of - photo 5

RESERVE Lt General Sir John Hope

2nd DIVISION Lt General Marquis of Huntley 3rd DIVISION Lt General - photo 6

2nd DIVISION Lt General Marquis of Huntley

3rd DIVISION Lt General Grosvenor OTHER FORCE STRENGTHS Artillery Brig - photo 7

3rd DIVISION Lt General Grosvenor

OTHER FORCE STRENGTHS Artillery Brig General Macleod 126 Officers 3108 - photo 8
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