A Social History of Maoist China
When the Chinese communists came into power in 1949, they promised to turn society upside down. Efforts to build a communist society created hopes and dreams, coupled with fear and disillusionment. The Chinese people made great efforts towards modernization and social change in this period of transition, but they also experienced traumatic setbacks. Covering the period 1949 to 1976 and then tracing the legacy of the Mao era through the 1980s, Felix Wemheuer focuses on questions of class, gender, ethnicity and the urban rural divide in this new social history of Maoist China. He analyzes the experiences of a range of social groups under Communist rule workers, peasants, local cadres, intellectuals, ethnic minorities, the old elites, men and women. To understand this tumultuous period, he argues, we must recognize the many complex challenges facing the People s Republic. But we must not lose sight of the human suffering and political terror that, for many now ageing quietly across China, remain the period s abiding memory.
Felix Wemheuer is Chair Professor of Modern China Studies at the University of Cologne. He belongs to a new generation of Western scholars who are rewriting the history of Maoist China. His publications include Famine Politics in Maoist China and the Soviet Union , 2014.
New Approaches to Asian History
This dynamic new series publishes books on the milestones in Asian history, those that have come to define particular periods or to mark turning points in the political, cultural and social evolution of the region. The books in this series are intended as introductions for students to be used in the classroom. They are written by scholars whose credentials are well established in their particular fields and who have, in many cases, taught the subject across a number of years.
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Felix Wemheuer , A Social History of Maoist China: Conflict and Change, 1949 1976
A Social History of Maoist China
Conflict and Change, 1949 1976
Felix Wemheuer
University of Cologne
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Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107123700
DOI: 10.1017/9781316421826
Felix Wemheuer 2019
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2019
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A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Wemheuer, Felix, author.
Title: A social history of Maoist China : conflict and change, 1949 1976 / Felix Wemheuer, University of Cologne.
Description: Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York, NY : University Printing House, 2017. | Series: New approaches to Asian history | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018046551 | ISBN 9781107123700
Subjects: LCSH: China Social conditions 1949 1976. | China Politics and government 1949 1976. | China History 1949 1976.
Classification: LCC HN733.5 .W46 2017 | DDC 306.0951 dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018046551
ISBN 978-1-107-12370-0 Hardback
ISBN 978-1-107-56550-0 Paperback
Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate.
For my mother, Christina Wemheuer
Contents
Figures
Maps and Tables
Maps
Tables
Documents
Acknowledgments
I am deeply grateful to the many colleagues and anonymous reviewers whose feedback has enriched this manuscript, and above all for the patient guidance of Lucy Rhymer, my editor at Cambridge University Press. Cameron Henderson-Begg and Lisa Kindervater worked tirelessly to improve the English style and the flow of my arguments. Their diligence has made this a better and more readable book.
Several colleagues provided comments on drafts of individual chapters. For their invaluable suggestions, I am indebted among others to Bjrn Alpermann (University of Wrzburg), Wu Yidi (University of California, Irvine), Wu Yiching (University of Toronto), Neil Diamant (Dickinson College), Cui Jinke (University of Vienna), Brian Demare (Tulane University), Eddy U (University of California, Davis), Puck Engman (University of Freiburg), Susanne Weigelin-Schwiedrzik (University of Vienna), Andrew Walder (Stanford University), Li Minqi (University of Utah), Cormac O Grada (University College Dublin), Daniel Fuchs (SOAS, University of London), Daniel Leese (University of Freiburg), Kimberely Ens Manning (Concordia University of Montreal), Jessica Pflger (University of Bochum), Suy Lan Hopmann (Free University of Berlin), Klaus Mhlhahn (University of Berlin), Zhu Meiting (University of Cologne), Jrn Goldberg (University of Frankfurt), Thomas Scharping (University of Cologne) and Xu Mengran (University of Toronto).
I would like to thank Cao Shuji (Jiaotong University, Shanghai) for sharing historical documents for this project. I am also grateful to all the eyewitnesses of the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution in China who have allowed me to interview them over the years. Their contributions have been immensely valuable. Jing Wenyu (University of Cologne) supported me with helpful editorial work. Vivienne Guo (University of Exeter) completed early translations of several documents into English. I wish to thank Gleb Netchvolodov for drawing graphs and maps.
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