Atkinson Rick - Battle of the Bulge: adapted from the guns at last light

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Army groups in italics fought the Battle of the Bulge.

ALLIES

DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER , Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe

BRITISH EMPIRE AND COMMONWEALTH

KING GEORGE VI , King of the United Kingdom and Dominions of the British Commonwealth

CANADA

WILLIAM LYON MACKENZIE KING , Prime Minister

GENERAL HENRY "HARRY" CRERAR Canadian 1st Army

UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND

WINSTON CHURCHILL , Prime Minister

FIELD MARSHAL BERNARD MONTGOMERY British 21st Army Group

LIEUTENANT GENERAL MILES DEMPSEY British 2nd Army, including XXX Corps

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT , President

GEORGE MARSHALL , General and Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army

GENERAL OMAR BRADLEY U.S. 12th Army Group

LIEUTENANT GENERAL COURTNEY HODGES U.S. First Army

LIEUTENANT GENERAL GEORGE PATTON U.S. Third Army

LIEUTENANT GENERAL WILLIAM SIMPSON U.S. Ninth Army

FREE FRENCH FORCES

CHARLES DE GAULLE , leader of the Free French Forces, head of the French government in exile, and head of the French Army of Liberation

MAJOR GENERAL JACQUES-PHILIPPE LECLERC , in command of Free French Forces in France

AXIS

THE THIRD REICH (Nazi Germany)

ADOLF HITLER , Fhrer

HEINRICH HIMMLER, Supreme Commander of the Home Army

FIELD MARSHAL WALTER MODEL German Army Group B

GENERAL HASSO VON MANTEUFFEL German 5th Panzer Army

SS GENERAL JOSEF DIETRICH German 6th Panzer Army

GENERAL ERICH BRANDENBERGER German 7th Army

FIELD MARSHAL GERD VON RUNDSTEDT German Army OB West

1939

MAY 22

Adolf Hitler of Germany signs a treaty with Italys Benito Mussolini

AUGUST 23

Joseph Stalin of Russia and Adolf Hitler sign a pact vowing not to invade each others countries

SEPTEMBER 1

Germany invades Poland

SEPTEMBER 3

Britain and France declare war on Germany

SEPTEMBER 10

The Parliament of Canada declares war on Germany

DECEMBER 18

First Canadian troops arrive in Europe

1940

APRIL 9

Germany invades Denmark and Norway

MAY 10

Germany invades Holland, Belgium, and Luxembourg

MAY 15

Holland surrenders

JUNE 10

Italy declares war on Britain and France

JUNE 14

Germany invades Paris, and France surrenders to the Nazis

JUNE 28

Charles de Gaulle is recognized as the leader of the Free French Forces, French troops who had escaped to Britain after the Nazis occupied France

JULY 10

The Battle of Britain between the RAF and the Luftwaffe begins in the skies over England

SEPTEMBER 7

The German Blitz against Great Britain begins

SEPTEMBER 13

Italian forces invade Egypt

SEPTEMBER 17

Hitler postpones invasion of Britain after losing air battle

OCTOBER 7

German troops enter Romania

OCTOBER 28

Italy invades Greece

1941

APRIL 27

German troops occupy Athens

JUNE 1

The Nazi SS begin mass murder of Jews in eastern Poland

JUNE 22

Germans launch massive invasion of the Soviet Union

DECEMBER 7

The Japanese attack the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

DECEMBER 8

The U.S. Congress declares war on Japan

DECEMBER 11

Germany and Italy declare war on the U.S.
The U.S. Congress declares war on Germany and Italy

1942

JANUARY 26

U.S. troops arrive in Europe

FEBRUARY 15

The British surrender to Japanese forces in Singapore

APRIL 1

Internment of U.S. Japanese-American citizens begins

JUNE 47

The U.S. wins the decisive Battle of Midway, sinking four Japanese aircraft carriers

JULY 6

Anne Frank and her family go into hiding in Amsterdam

AUGUST

Germany attacks the Russian city of Stalingrad

NOVEMBER 8

The U.S. invasion of North Africa begins

1943

JANUARY 10

Soviets begin offensive against Germans in Stalingrad

JANUARY 23

U.S. troops take Tripoli (now Libya)

FEBRUARY 1

Germans surrender to Soviet forces in Stalingrad

MAY

Allied troops defeat the Germans in North Africa

JULY 5

Germans launch the largest tank battle in history at Kursk, Russia

JULY 9

Allied invasion of Sicily, an island off Italy, begins

JULY 25

Benito Mussolini is arrested, ending the Fascist regime in Italy

SEPTEMBER 8

Italy surrenders to the Allies; Hitler rushes troops to Italy

OCTOBER 13

Italy declares war on Germany

NOVEMBER 1

U.S. Marines land on the Japanese-occupied Solomon Islands in the Pacific Ocean

NOVEMBER 28

Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin meet in Yalta in Crimea to plan the final assault on and occupation of Germany

DECEMBER 1

Erwin Rommel becomes commander in chief of the German forces responsible for the defense of the Normandy coast

1944

JANUARY 17

Allies launch first attack against Germans in Italy

JANUARY 27

Soviet forces break the German 900-day siege of Leningrad, Russia, during which more than one million civilians died of starvation

FEBRUARY 2025

German aircraft factories are bombed by U.S. and British air forces

MARCH 15

Germans launch offensive against India

APRIL 28

German E-boats attack Allied forces training for D-Day at Slapton Sands, England, killing nearly 700

JUNE 4

Allies liberate Rome, Italy, the first Axis capital to be freed after Canadians break the Hitler line south of the city

JUNE 6

D-Day

JULY 18

U.S. troops capture St.-L, France

JULY 21

U.S. Marines land on Japanese-occupied Guam in the Mariana Islands

JULY 29

Allies take Cherbourg, France

AUGUST 4

Anne Frank and her family are arrested

AUGUST 15

Allies launch the invasion of southern France

AUGUST 25

German troops in Paris surrender to the Allies

SEPTEMBER 3

The British liberate Brussels, the capital of Belgium

SEPTEMBER 1722

Canadian Third Infantry Division liberates French ports of Boulogne and Calais

OCTOBER 20

U.S. invasion of the Philippines begins

OCTOBER 25

First Japanese kamikaze attack on a U.S. ship occurs

DECEMBER 16

The Battle of the Bulge begins

1945

JANUARY 17

Soviet troops capture Warsaw, Poland

JANUARY 25

The Battle of the Bulge ends

JANUARY 26

Soviet troops liberate the Auschwitz death camp in Poland

FEBRUARY 19

U.S. Marines begin the assault on the Japanese island of Iwo Jima

FEBRUARY 23

U.S. Marines raise the American flag on Mt. Suribachi, Iwo Jima