Goldrick - After Jutland: the naval war in Northern European waters, June 1916-November 1918

AFTER
JUTLAND

Map 1.1 The North Sea

AFTER
JUTLAND

The Naval War in Northern European Waters,

June 1916November 1918

James Goldrick

Naval Institute Press

Annapolis, Maryland

This book was made possible through the dedication

of the U.S. Naval Academy Class of 1945.

Naval Institute Press

291 Wood Road

Annapolis, MD 21402

2018 by James Goldrick

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Goldrick, James, author.

Title: After Jutland : The Naval War in Northern European Waters, June 1916November 1918 / James Goldrick.

Description: Annapolis, MD : Naval Institute Press, [2018] | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2018036950 (print) | LCCN 2018041142 (ebook) | ISBN 9781682473283 (ePDF) | ISBN 9781682473283 (ePub) | ISBN 9781682473276 (paperback) | ISBN 9781682473283 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: World War, 1914 1918Naval operations. | World War, 19141918CampaignsBaltic Sea. | North SeaHistory, Naval20th century. | Baltic SeaHistory, Naval20th century. | Naval strategy. | BISAC: HISTORY / Military / Naval. | HISTORY / Military / World War I.

Classification: LCC D581 (ebook) | LCC D581 .G627 2018 (print) | DDC 940.4/5091633dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018036950

Print editions meet the requirements of ANSI/NISO z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper).

Printed in the United States of America

26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 189 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

First printing

All maps in this book are courtesy Vincent P. OHara.

Contents

Illustrations

Photos

Maps

Acknowledgments

I REMAIN VERY GRATEFUL TO David Stevens for his constant friendship and help, including the benefit of his own extensive research into the Great War navies. I want to recognize a continuing debt to Vice Admiral Peter Jones, Professor Jon Sumida, and Dr. Nicholas Lambert. I am also grateful to my friends of the Sea Power CentreAustralia and the splendid staff of the library of the Australian Defence Force Academy. Similar thanks go to Steve Prince and the equally splendid staff of the Royal Navys Historical Branch at Portsmouth, as well as the staffs of Churchill College Archives, the Royal Naval Museum Library, the Liddell Hart Centre, the UK National Archives, the National Maritime Museum, the Liddle Collection, the Imperial War Museum, and the United States Naval War College Historical Collection.

Vince OHara very generously drew the maps for this book, for which I am particularly grateful, and provided me with much good advice. I should note that Vinces help has been typical of the kindness and support I have had from other historians. Stephen McLaughlin and Toby Erwin have both been extremely helpful with material about the Russian navy, while Stephen put me in touch with Sergei Vinogradov, who very kindly provided photographs of Russian ships and people. Dr. Michael Epkenhans assisted me with my inquiries about certain aspects of German operations and very kindly consented to my use of quotations from some of his own scholarlyand extremely importantwork on the Imperial German Navy. Brigadier General Michael Clemmesen was equally helpful in relation to his own work on the Great War. I am grateful to Simon Harley, not only for letting me have a copy of his draft work on the diary of Admiral Duff, but for the efforts that he and others have done to put material on line in The Dreadnought Project. Dr. Jann Witt made available photographs from Archive of the German Naval Association, Laboe, for which I am also very thankful, as I am to Michael Pocock of Maritime Quest for his generous assistance.

Grateful acknowledgment is made for permissions to quote the works cited herein. For those whose literary heirs and original publishers I have been unable to trace, may I here record my acknowledgments. In addition to the literary executors of the estates concerned, I am grateful to the master and fellows of Churchill College for access to the papers of Admiral Sir Reginald Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax and Vice Admiral Leslie Ashmore. I am grateful to the Trustees of the National Maritime Museum for access to the papers of Admiral of the Fleet Earl Beatty and Admiral of the Fleet Sir Henry Oliver and Admiral Sir Barry Domvile, Admiral Sir Alexander Duff, Admiral Sir Louis Hamilton, Admiral Sir Herbert Richmond, and Admiral Sir William Tennant; to the trustees of the Imperial War Museum for the papers of Admiral Sir William Goodenough, Admiral Sir Trevylyan Napier, Admiral Sir Richard Phillimore, Vice Admiral Lord Ashbourne, Vice Admiral Sir Cecil Talbot, Captain Sir Philip Bowyer-Smyth, Captain Oswald Halifax, Captain the Honorable P. G. E. Acheson, Commander C. H. Drage, and Commander J. H. Bowen; to the University of Leeds for the papers of Admiral Sir Harold Burrough, Admiral Sir Matthew Best, Admiral Sir Morgan Singer, Captain A. W. Clarke, Captain R. W. Blacklock, and Captain R. F. Nichols; to the Liddell Hart Centre at Kings College London for the papers of Captain J. M. Howson. My particular thanks go to the editor of The Naval Review, Vice Admiral Sir Jeremy Blackham, for the permission to cite articles from The Naval Review.

Notwithstanding my debt to so many, I emphasize that the judgments and interpretations in the text are mine alone, as is the responsibility for any errors.

Abbreviations

Table of Equivalents