Kazuya Nakamizo - Violence and Democracy: The Collapse of One-Party Dominant Rule in India

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Violence and Democracy:

The Collapse of One-Party Dominant Rule in India

N AKAMIZO Kazuya

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ISBN 9781920901813

This book is the English edition of Indo: Bryoku to minshushugi Itt yi shihai no hkai to aidentiti no seiji (Violence and Democracy in India: The Collapse of One-Party Dominant Rule and Identity Politics), published by the University of Tokyo Press, Japan, in 2012. The original Japanese edition was based on my Ph.D. dissertation, Bryoku no hait Indo Bihru sh ni okeru seiji hend to aidentiti no seiji (The Dividends of Violence: Political Change and Identity Politics in Bihar, India), submitted to the Graduate Schools for Law and Politics, the University of Tokyo, in March 2008 (degree awarded in November 2008), but for publication I trimmed it to half its length and added a new discussion on economic factors (). While it is unfortunate that many of my arguments had to be omitted from this book, I believe that the inclusion of the new chapter on economics added more depth to my analyses. The Japanese book won the 2012 Asia-Pacific Award of the Asian Affairs Research Council (Special Prize) and the 2013 Japan Consortium for Area Studies Award.

Many of the arguments presented within are founded on the fieldwork I conducted in the Indian state of Bihar from 2002 to 2005. Over the 12 years since my Ph.D. dissertation was completed and eight years since the publication of the Japanese edition, there has been an accumulation of important findings in the area of Indian political studies. For the publication of this English edition, however, I decided to limit changes to factual corrections and updating political situations and refrained from making major revisions to my argument. I am well aware that some of the points I make are now redundant. I am also aware that the political change that occurred from the 1980s to the early 1990s is becoming a historical subject in the context of the vigorous push toward political and social Hinduisation under the current Modi government. Nevertheless, I believe that the political shift examined in this book is an important political change that is crucial for an understanding of the Hindutva (Hinduness) politics of today and that my arguments have not lost their significance in this regard.

It took me a long time to settle on the political consequences of particular riots as my theme. Because I entered my research career through the study of war and poverty in the field of international politics, the question of violence was as important as the question of poverty in my mind. Nevertheless, it was the sheer weight of Indias reality that made me realise clearly that it should be the focus of my Ph.D. dissertation. I was fortunate enough to be given the opportunity to stay in India as a fellow of the Asian Leadership Fellowship Program sponsored by the Japan Foundation from March to October 1996 and as a researcher/advisor at the Embassy of Japan in India from December 1996 to March 1999. I was also fortunate to be a recipient of the Japanese governments MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) Scholarship for International Research Students from March 2001 to February 2003, and was then given the opportunity to undertake field research as a fellow of the Research Fellowship for Young Scientists (PD) of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science from April 2003 to March 2006. During each of my stays, I witnessed the serious problems confronting India.