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Dilip Sarkar - The Final Few: The Last Surviving Pilots of the Battle of Britain Tell Their Stories

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Dilip Sarkar The Final Few: The Last Surviving Pilots of the Battle of Britain Tell Their Stories
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During the summer of 1940, Britain stood alone, defying the Luftwaffes aerial assault the prelude to a proposed seaborne invasion. Fighter Command faced this challenge against overwhelming odds with immeasurable courage and tenacity, the Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, immortalising these young Spitfire and Hurricane pilots as The Few. Some 2,927 aircrew comprised the Few, 544 of whom made the ultimate sacrifice that fateful summer, now known as the Battle of Britain. A further 791 would perish before the wars end. Today, precious few indeed remain alive worldwide, the Battle of Britain Fighter Association now numbering twenty-seven. Veteran aviation historian Dilip Sarkar, however, has spent a lifetime recording the stories of casualties and the memories of survivors. In this important book commemorating the Battle of Britains seventy-fifth anniversary, he brings us more original work and new interviews with The Final Few. This is likely to be the last such work produced, as sadly but inevitably Churchills Few fade from living memory.

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To members of the Battle of Britain Fighter Association past and present - photo 1
To members of the Battle of Britain Fighter Association past and present - photo 2

To members of the Battle of Britain Fighter Association, past and present.

First published 2015

Amberley Publishing
The Hill, Stroud
Gloucestershire, GL5 4EP

www.amberley-books.com

Copyright Dilip Sarkar, 2015

The right of Dilip Sarkar to be identified as the Author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyrights, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

ISBN 9781445642369 (PRINT)
ISBN 9781445642550 (eBOOK)

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without the permission in writing from the Publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Typesetting and Origination by Amberley Publishing
Printed in the UK.

CONTENTS
AUTHORS NOTE & GLOSSARY

The aviation-minded reader will notice that I have referred to German Messerschmitt fighters by the abbreviation Me (not Bf, which is also correct), or simply by their numeric designation, such as 109 or 110. This not only reads better but is authentic; during the Battle of Britain, Keith Lawrence, a New Zealander, flew Spitfires and once said to me, To us they were just 109s or 110s, simple.

In another attempt to preserve accuracy, wherever possible I have also used the original German regarding terms associated with the Luftwaffe, such as:

AdlerangriffAttack of the Eagles
AdlertagEagle Day
EichenlaubThe Oak Leaves, essentially being a bar to the Ritterkreuz
ErprobungsgruppeExperimental group, in the case of Erprobungsgruppe 210 a skilled precision bombing unit
ExperteA fighter ace. Ace status, on both sides, was achieved by destroying five enemy aircraft
Freie huntA fighter sweep
GefechstandOperations headquarters
GeschwaderThe whole group, usually of three gruppen
GeschwaderkommodoreThe group leader
GruppeA wing, usually of three squadrons
GruppenkeilA wedge formation of bombers, usually made up of vics of three
GruppenkommandeurThe wing commander
Jagdbomber (Jabo)Fighter-bomber
JagdfliegerFighter pilot
JagdgeschwaderFighter group, abbreviated JG
JagdwaffeThe fighter force
JgerHunter, in this context a fighter pilot or aircraft
KampffleigerBomber aircrew
KampfgeschwaderBomber group, abbreviated KG
KanalEnglish Channel
KatchmarekWingman
LehrgeschwaderLiterally a training group, but actually a precision bombing unit, abbreviated LG
LuftflotteAir fleet
OberkannoneLiterally the Top Gun, or leading fighter ace
Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW)The German armed forces high command
RitterkreuzThe Knights Cross of the Iron Cross
RotteA pair of fighters, comprising leader and wingman, into which the schwarm broke once battle was joined
RottenfhrerLeader of a fighting pair
SchwarmA section of four fighters
SchwarmfhrerSection leader
SeelweSealion, the code name given to Hitlers proposed seaborne invasion of England
StabStaff
StabschwarmStaff flight
StaffelA squadron
StaffelkapitnThe squadron leader
StrflugHarrassing attacks, usually by lone Ju 88s
StukaThe Ju 87 dive-bomber
SturkampfgeschwaderDive-bomber group, abbreviated StG
VermisstMissing
ZerstrerLiterally destroyer, the term used for the Me 110
ZerstrergeschwaderDestroyer group, abbreviated ZG

Each geschwader generally comprised three gruppen, each of three staffeln. Each gruppe is designated by Roman numerals, i.e. III/JG 26 refers to the third gruppe of Fighter Group (abbreviated JG) 26. Staffeln are identified by numbers, so 7/JG 26 is the seventh staffel and belongs to III/JG 26.

Rank comparisons may also be useful:

UnteroffizierCorporal, no aircrew equivalent in Fighter Command
FeldwebelSergeant
OberfeldwebelFlight Sergeant
LeutnantPilot Officer
OberleutnantFlight Lieutenant
HauptmannSquadron Leader
MajorWing Commander
OberstGroup Captain

RAF Abbreviations

AAFAuxiliary Air Force
AASFAdvance Air Striking Force
A&AEEAeroplane & Armament Experimental Establishment
AFCAir Force Cross
AFDUAir Fighting Development Unit
AIAirborne Interception radar
AOCAir Officer Commanding
AOC-in-CAir Officer Commanding-in-Chief
ATAAir Transport Auxiliary
ATSArmament Training School
BEFBritish Expeditionary Force
CAMCatapult Assisted Merchantship
CASChief of the Air Staff
CFSCentral Flying School
CGSCentral Gunnery School
COCommanding Officer
DESDirect Entry Scheme
DFCDistinguished Flying Cross
DFMDistinguished Flying Medal
DSODistinguished Service Order
E/AEnemy Aircraft
FAAFleet Air Arm
EFTSElementary Flying Training School
FIUFighter Interception Unit
FTSFlying Training School
ITWInitial Training Wing
LACLeading Aircraftman
MRAFMarshal of the Royal Air Force
MSFUMerchant Ship Fighter Unit
NCONon-Commissioned Officer
ORBOperations Record Book
OTCOfficer Training Corps
OTUOperational Training Unit
PDCPersonnel Distribution Centre
RAFVRRoyal Air Force Volunteer Reserve
RFSReserve Flying School
RNRoyal Navy
RNASRoyal Navy Air Service
SASOSenior Air Staff Officer
SOOSenior Operations Officer
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