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Hong Xu - The Earliest China

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Hong Xu The Earliest China
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The Earliest China: summary, description and annotation

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The Earliest China is the first archaeological book in China to translate in the dominant language of the world on the origin of Chinese ancient civilization in the Central Plains and the study of Xia dynastic culture. It shows readers all over the world the outstanding achievements in the study of the formation of early state in China and is the first English translation monograph on the birth history of the first dynasty of Hua-Xia nation from the perspective of archaeology. With the specific archaeological data on the basis of excavations and investigation conducted in recent years, this book focuses on the interpretation of the rise and development of the ancient civilization having initially appeared in the Central Plain of China and even in the Eastern Asia. The book contents include abundant manifestations of the first flourishing civilization especially at the Erlitou site along the Yi and Luo Rivers, characteristic of ultra-large capital city, palace buildings, elaborate bronze vessels, and stratified social organization. With the combination of previously literature, the original author attempts to further explain how the earliest China, a royal-powered, and large-scaled state, emerged four thousand years ago. In this book, the analysis on a comprehensive landscape of the ancient civilization prior to the Shang Dynasty leads the point of views, distinctively from the traditional historical perspectives. With a global perspective, he further compares with other significant civilizations in the world and also points out cultural communications between the early China and other external cultures in the Bronze Age. Therefore, this book, the Earliest China of English translated version, is so appropriate to be recommended to foreign scholars and sinologists, as well as everyone who has been attracted by Chinas charm overseas. With book contents, ideas, and thoughts that it contains, one can easily acknowledge the goals, methods, and reconstruction process of Chinas prehistory, so English readers will acknowledge so well about the Chinese Archaeology in the Bronze Age, which does vary in many aspects from that of European and American.

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Book cover of The Earliest China Hong Xu The Earliest China 1st ed 2022 - photo 1
Book cover of The Earliest China
Hong Xu
The Earliest China
1st ed. 2022
Logo of the publisher Logo of the publisher Hong Xu CASS Institute of - photo 2
Logo of the publisher
Logo of the publisher Hong Xu CASS Institute of Archaeology Beijing - photo 3
Logo of the publisher
Hong Xu
CASS, Institute of Archaeology, Beijing, China
Translated by
Li Sang
Luoyang Normal University, Henan, China
ISBN 978-981-16-6386-4 e-ISBN 978-981-16-6387-1
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6387-1

Jointly published with Science Press

The print edition is not for sale in China (Mainland). Customers from China (Mainland) please order the print book from: Science Press.

Science Press 2022
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publishers, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publishers nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publishers remain neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore

Preface

Erlitou is originally the name of an ordinary village located in the Luoyang Plain, the hinterland of the Central Plains. Like the names of thousands of villages in China, she is as simple as she could be. But just behind her, under the green wheat fields, it has hidden a glorious history of the Hua-Xia ethnic group for more than 3,000 years, which has also been forgotten by her descendants for over 3,000 years; it was not until 60 years ago that she came into the field of vision of archeologists, and since then, she has been among the halls of the history of Chinese civilization and even the history of world civilization. We also know from this that based on the accumulation of thousands of years of the Hua-Xia prehistoric culture, the earliest China came into being here.

View of distant for the excavation scene at Erlitou site Born in Suzhou and - photo 4

View of distant for the excavation scene at Erlitou site

Born in Suzhou and Hangzhou, and buried in the north of Mangshan Mountain. The winding mountain in the distance is Mangshan Mountain, which was regarded as Feng Shui Treasure, the first pursuit of life ideal by ancient Chinese people. Villagers call the palace area we excavated as throne room, and here is indeed the earliest throne room in China.

Hong Xu
Li Sang
Beijing, China Luoyang, China
Acknowledgments

This work has been done for more than three years in Luoyang City as a teacher of archeology in University, under the financial support of National Social Science Fund, namely the Translation Works for the Chinese Academy (20152020).

First of all, I would like to thank my family, that is, my husband, my son, my girl and my parents, who gave me plenty of time, many understandings and various supports, and without their loves and encouragements, I would not have the chance to complete the delivery of the book draft in time. Then, I would like to express my deep gratitude to all the staffs of Science Press, who helped me a lot apply for the fund and publish the book. Special thanks to the editors of Springer-Verlag for carefully revising my manuscript. I am grateful to Prof. Dr. Hong Xu for giving me so preciousopportunity to translate his excellent work. Translating work is tougher than I expected, and there will still be imperfections in translating and academic issues to be solved in the original book. Hopefully, this book is worthy of readers expectation and my efforts.

At last, I am greatly indebted to Prof. Dr. Peter Pflzner from Tbingen University, Germany, who was my supervisor during four years of my doctoral education. He led me to write my dissertation in English and gave me great encouragement to write academic books or articles in language other my mother tongue. He always says that the language is the carrier of ideas and thoughts, which is also a good tool for our academic exchange. This is my first attempt to write an English translation book, and it is to be hoped that a well-done work is the best present for him.

Contents
Footnotes

All the photos in this book that are not quoted specifically were taken by the author himself or the expedition team.

Science Press 2022
H. Xu The Earliest China https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6387-1_1
1. Explanation for the Theme
The Origin of China
Hong Xu
(1)
CASS, Institute of Archaeology, Beijing, China

The most important thing in doing research is the accuracy of concepts To - photo 5

The most important thing in doing research is the accuracy of concepts. To figure out how the earliest China came from, we should first review the context of the word of China with you.

In ancient China, the meaning of the word Guo was city or state. It can be seen from its glyph that a state takes the capital city as the center and combines with the surrounding rural areas, it is also marked by the existence of the capital. Zhongguo was a central city or a central state. After the word Zhongguo appeared, it derived a variety of meanings in ancient China alone, such as the capital of the kingdom and its adjacent area, the central plain area, the inner country or inland, the habitation of various Xia nations, and even the Hua-Xia state.

Among them, the closest one to the original meaning of the word China is the kingdom capital and the capital area, which was the power center of the monarchy state.

In this sense, the emergence of China was synchronous with the formation of the earliest monarchy state (or dynasty) on the East Asian continent.

1.1 What is China?
The most important thing in doing research is the accuracy of concepts. To figure out how the earliest China came from, we should first review the context of the word China with you (Fig. ).
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