Anna Marie Johnson - Beyond Indulgences: Luther’s Reform of Late Medieval Piety, 1518–1520

ADB = Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie. 2nd ed. 56 vols. Historische Commission bei der Kniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Berlin: Duncker and Humblot, 196771.

ARG = Archive for Reformation History/Archiv fr Reformationsgeschichte.

AWA = Archiv zur Weimarer Ausgabe der Werke Martin Luthers. Edited by Ulrich Kpf and Bernd Moeller. 10 vols. Wien, Kln, and Weimar: Bhlau, 19912011.

Cl = Clemen, Otto, ed. Luthers Werke in Auswahl. 8 vols. Berlin: De Gruyter, 195967.

DDStA = Martin Luther, Deutsch-Deutsch Studienausgabe. 2 vols. Edited by Johannes Schilling. Leipzig: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, 2012.

HAB = Herzog August Bibliothek, Wolfenbttel.

LuJ = Lutherjahrbuch.

LW = Luther, Martin. Luthers Works. American ed. 77 vols. Edited by Christopher Boyd Brown, Jaroslav Pelikan, Hilton C. Oswald, and Helmut T. Lehmann. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House; Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1955.

NDB = Neue Deutsche Biographie. 24 vols. Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Berlin: Duncker and Humblot, 1953.

NRSV = The Bible: New Revised Standard Version.

SCJ = The Sixteenth Century Journal.

StA = Martin Luther: Studienausgabe. 6 vols. Edited by Hans-Ulrich Delius. Berlin and Leipzig: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, 198799.

VD16 = Verzeichnis der im deutschen Sprachbereich erschienenen Drucke des 16. Jahrhunderts. Munich: Bayerische Staatsbibliothek; Wolfenbttel: Herzog August Bibliothek; Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 19832000.

WA = D. Martin Luthers Werke:Kritische Gesamtausgabe. 73 vols. Edited by J. F. K. Knaake et al. Weimar: Herman Bhlau, 1883.

WA Bi = D. Martin Luthers Werke: Kritische Gesamtausgabe, Bibel. 12 vols. Weimar: Bhlau, 190661.

WA Br = D. Martin Luthers Werke: Kritische Gesamtausgabe, Briefwechsel. 18 vols. Weimar: Bhlau, 193048.

WA DB = D. Martin Luthers Werke: Kritische Gesamtausgabe, Deutsche Bibel. 12 vols. Weimar: Bhlau, 190661.

WA Tr = D. Martin Luthers Werke: Kritische Gesamtausgabe, Tischreden. 6 vols. Weimar: Bhlau, 191221.

ZKG = Zeitschrift fr Kirchengeschichte.

Many people have helped to bring this book into being, and I am delighted to thank them here. Several organizations and institutions provided the financial support that made my research and writing possible. A travel grant from the American Friends of the Herzog August Bibliothek made it possible to utilize the treasure trove of that library, and a generous fellowship from the Mellon Foundation and the American Council of Learned Societies afforded a year of uninterrupted research and writing. I am grateful for the generosity of these organizations. I am also grateful to Garrett-Evangelical for a sabbatical leave to complete this project, and to my colleagues there for their encouragement and camaraderie.

A number of librarians and archivists made the task of research both possible and enjoyable. Princeton Seminary Reference Librarian Kate Skrebutenas is a researchers superhero, combining broad knowledge with unflagging determination. Jill Beplar and the adept staff at the Herzog August Bibliothek were enormously helpful during my work there. The librarians at the Newberry Library provided invaluable assistance during repeated visits to that library. I would also like to thank the staffs of the Rare Books and Special Collections at Princeton University, the Archives and Special Collections at Valparaiso University, and the Rare Book and Manuscript Library at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. A special thanks goes to Mara Wade of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign for alerting me to some of the holdings of that library.

This book had its beginnings in my doctoral work under the guidance of Scott Hendrix. Scott was a patient and insightful mentor, and he struck a remarkable balance between directing my work and allowing it to be my own. I remain indebted to him for his integrity, direction, and support. I would also like to thank Paul Rorem, Anthony Grafton, Kenneth Appold, and Elsie McKee for their painstaking and constructive reading of early versions of several chapters here. As the book evolved, several colleagues read part or all of the manuscript and gave valuable feedback. Mickey Mattox reviewed the project as a whole and offered helpful suggestions. Timothy Wengert gave critical feedback on an early chapter. Mark Teasdale read through several chapters and helped clarify my presentation. Series editor Michael Wolfe has provided prudent guidance and a keen eye throughout his work with me. I am also grateful to the anonymous readers for Truman State University Press, who offered many valuable suggestions. Any errors that remain do so despite this assistance and are my own.