Melvin Gurtov - The Transformation of Socialism: Perestroika and Reform in the Soviet Union and China

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The Transformation of Socialism

The Transformation of Socialism

Perestroika and Reform in the Soviet Union and China

Edited by
Mel Gurtov

First published 1990 by Westview Press

Published 2019 by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Copyright 1990 by Taylor & Francis

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Notice:
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The Transformation of socialism: perestroika and reform in the Soviet
Union and China / [compiled by] Mel Gurtov.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-8133-7988-1
1. CommunismSoviet Union. 2. CommunismChina. 3. Soviet
UnionEconomic policy1986- 4. ChinaEconomic policy1976-
5. Soviet UnionPolitics and government1985- 6. ChinaPolitics
and government1976- 7. Perestroika. I. Gurtov, Melvin.
HX313.5.T73 1990
335.43'0947dc20 90-12702 CIP

ISBN 13: 978-0-367-29667-4 (hbk)

Contents

1. xi

Guide

This book resulted from a unique conference that was held at Portland State University in Portland, Oregon, on February 9-12, 1989. Sixteen scholarsfive from the People's Republic of China, three from the Soviet Union, and eight from the United Statespresented papers on "the transformation of socialism in the Soviet Union and China." The lively and candid discussions among the presenters and the many Northwest scholars who served as panelists were as good a commentary as any on the reforms that were occurring up to that point in the USSR and China.

Of course, political developments have an uncanny way of imposing on scholarly efforts. The military crackdown on the democracy movement in Beijing on June 4, 1989, brought a halt to political reforms and greatly restricted the range of acceptable expression. Demonstrations by workers, nationalities, and ethnic groups spilled over to Eastern Europe and by the end of 1989 seemed bound to challenge the limits of glasnost and perestroika in every republic in the Soviet Union. Nevertheless, I think it is fair to say that the value of the essays in this collection has not been diminished by such events. To the contrary, their value may be all the greater for what they reveal about the range of opinion that can be expected when scholars are free to express it. Far from revealing a temporary phenomenon, the conference shed light on a direction that is likely to be permanentone of independent judgment and mutual understanding.

Support for the Portland conference came from many quarters. Principal flinders were the World Trade Center Portland and the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the U.S. Information Agency. I thank them as well as Pacificorp, the Oregon Wheat Commission, Professor Joseph M. Ha of Lewis and Clark College, Pacific Development Corporation, Security Pacific Bank of Oregon, Alice Ann and Burke Morden, Reed College, Willamette University, and Nam Jin Chang for significant financial support. The conference also received support from Portland General Electric; the Northwest Regional China Council; First Interstate Bank; Gifford-Doving Florists; Schwabe, Williamson & Wyatt; Weyerhaeuser Company; the Oregon Economic Development Department; Garvey, Schubert & Barer; Arthur Young; the World Affairs Council of Oregon; the International Trade Institute; the Office of the Mayor of Portland; and Kubla Khan Food Company.

About twenty scholars participated in the conference panels. Many of their comments on the presentations have found their way into this book. In particular I would like to express appreciation to Bryna Goodman of Reed College, Patricia Howard of Simon Fraser University, and Jan Hajda, Thomas Palm, and Linda Walton of Portland State University for their extensive and highly useful observations.

Both for the conference and for this volume, my home university's support was extensive. I thank Provost Frank Martino, Dean William Paudler of the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dean Vergil Miller of the School of Business Administration, and the PSU Academically Controlled Auxiliary Activities Fund.

In the preparation of the manuscript, Mary Dozark and Jams Burns were responsible for the typing, Andrea Asbell for selecting from tapes of the conference, and Brian O'Connell for double-checking editorial corrections. I also want to express appreciation to all the contributors for responding in such a timely manner to my many requests for updating, footnote checks, and all the other not-so-fascinating little things that go into preparing a manuscript for publication. I hope they feel that the final product is worthy of the conference.

Mel Gurtov

Herbert J. Ellison is professor of Russian history and chair of Russian and East European studies in the Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington, Seattle. He is editor of Sino-Soviet Policy in Global Perspective (1982) and Japan and the Pacific Quadrille (Westview, 1987).

Feng Shize is a professor and editor of the English edition of Social Sciences in China in the research unit of the same name in Beijing, under the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.

Karen Gernant , associate professor of history at Southern Oregon State College, Ashland, has published several articles on the Chinese Red Army in the 1930s.

Howard Goldblatt is professor of Oriental languages at the University of Colorado, Boulder. He is editor of the journal Modern Chinese Literature and the book Chinese Literature for the 1980s: The Fourth Congress of Writers and Artists (1981).

Sergei Gorbunov , senior research fellow at the Institute of USA and Canada, Soviet Academy of Sciences, Moscow, is a specialist on international finance. His most recent book is The U.S. in the International Monetary System.

Mel Gurtov is professor of political science and director of international studies at Portland State University, Portland, Oregon. He has written widely on international politics and China, including most recently Global Politics in the Human Interest (1988).

He Zuorong is a professor and senior editor of Social Sciences in China, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing. He is coauthor of Marxism and Humanism: Three Topics (in Chinese: 1988).

Guy Houk , assistant professor of Russian at Portland State University, teaches and writes on language and literature.

Li Xuekun is professor, senior editor, and former editor-in-chief of Social Sciences in China, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing.

Victor D. Lippit , professor of economics at the University of California, Riverside, is the author of The Economic Development of China (1987) and coeditor, with M. Selden, of The Transition to Socialism in China (1982).

Alexander Nagorniy is a senior researcher at the Institute of USA and Canada, Soviet Academy of Sciences, Moscow. He is the author of three monographs and several articles on China.

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