Praise for
The Origins of the Grand Alliance:
Anglo-American Military Collaboration from the Panay Incident to Pearl Harbor
In The Origins of the Grand Alliance William T. Johnsen provides a uniquely empathetic description and analysis of the stresses and strains that characterized Anglo-American relations in the years leading up to World War II. Johnsens grip on the strategic, political, and cultural contexts is thoroughly persuasive. This is a work on the experience of cooperation, including military planning, in a time of approaching hostilities. It is a very, very good book!
Colin S. Gray, author of Strategy and Defence Planning: Meeting the Challenge of Uncertainty
The World War II Anglo-American special relationship constitutes one of the closest alliances in history. Contrary to popular opinion, however, that was not inevitable, and creating the alliance was not an easy process. Nor was it a process that began only after Pearl Harbor. To the contrary, by the time the United States officially entered the war in December 1941, the two nations already possessed a combined global strategy and a series of military accords that their representatives had reached in the preceding four years. Making excellent use of a wide variety of unpublished document and manuscript collections in Great Britain and the United States as well as available published sources, William Johnsen explains just how and why these military components of the alliance originated and developed before the official U.S. entry into the war. In doing so he analyzes and offers key insights into the events, individuals, and early agreements that enabled the two nations to establish such close military bonds and operate so effectively from 19421945.
Mark A. Stoler, author of Allies in War: Britain and America against the Axis Powers, 19401945
In this significant work, Johnsen describes and analyzes the initial steps in building the coalition that defeated the Axis Powers. His thorough, balanced use of archival sources and his masterful consideration of the vast array of secondary sources touching on his subject result in clear images of key personalities, institutions, and processes. This book will guide twenty-first-century strategists while earning accolades from historians.
Brigadier General Harold Nelson, USA (Ret.), former U.S. Army chief of military history
This is an important contribution to the historical understanding of the military history of World War II and represents the most authoritative account of the military dimensions of the Anglo-American relationship to date.
Theodore A. Wilson, author of Coalition Warfare: A Guide to the Issues
Johnsen makes a singular contribution to the literature by not only synthesizing the findings of other scholars, but also bringing his own research and analysis to bear on an array of critical issues.
Colonel Paul L. Miles, USA (Ret.)
The Origins of the Grand Alliance
BATTLES AND CAMPAIGNS
The Battles and Campaigns series examines the military and strategic results of particular combat techniques, strategies, and methods used by soldiers, sailors, and airmen throughout history. Focusing on different nations and branches of the armed services, this series aims to educate readers by detailed analysis of military engagements.
SERIES EDITOR: Roger Cirillo
An AUSA Book
THE ORIGINS OF THE
GRAND ALLIANCE
ANGLO-AMERICAN MILITARY COLLABORATION FROM THE PANAY INCIDENT TO PEARL HARBOR
WILLIAM T. JOHNSEN
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Copyright 2016 by The University Press of Kentucky
Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University.
All rights reserved.
Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky 663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008 www.kentuckypress.com
The views expressed in this book are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the U.S. Army War College, the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Johnsen, William Thomas, 1952 author.
Title: The origins of the grand alliance : Anglo-American military collaboration from the Panay incident to Pearl Harbor / William T. Johnsen.
Description: Lexington, Kentucky : The University Press of Kentucky, 2016. | Series: Battles and campaigns | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016018515| ISBN 9780813168333 (hardcover : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780813168357 (pdf) | ISBN 9780813168364 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: United StatesMilitary relationsGreat Britain. | Great BritainMilitary relationsUnited States. | United StatesForeign relations19331945. | Military planningUnited StatesHistory20th century. | Military planningGreat BritainHistory20th century. | World War, 19391945Diplomatic history. | AlliancesHistory20th century.
Classification: LCC E183.8.G7 J636 2016 | DDC 327.73009/04dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/201601851
This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials.
Manufactured in the United States of America.
| Member of the Association of American University Presses |
For Kathy, my best friend, to whom I owe it all
Contents
Preface and Acknowledgments
As this is a work that attempts to address questions, it seems legitimate to begin with the fundamental question, Whyseventy-five years on and thousands of books lateranother book on World War II? On one level, despite the number of books on the subject, the reading publicwhether longtime readers or neophytesretains a considerable appetite for the conflict, its titanic clash of ideologies, and the conduct of massive campaigns in the air, on land, and at sea on a scale likely never again to be replicated. Nowhere is this truer than in Great Britain and the United States, the two main partners in this narrative. More importantly, studies of World War II still have much to offer in general as well as in specific areas where historians have not yet exhausted either sources or analyses of those materials. As a firm adherent to the idea that the past informs the future, I believe that the conduct of coalition warfare in World War II is one of those areas where history and historians still have much to tell.