Table of Contents
For my wife, Pat, and our daughters, Sarah and Ann.
CAST OF CHARACTERS
Americans
John Adams: Minister to England, Vice President, President
William Bainbridge: Captain of Philadelphia, United States
Joseph Bainbridge: Naval officer, Williams younger brother
Samuel Barron: Fourth Mediterranean squadron commodore, 18045
James Barron: Naval officer, Samuels brother
James Cathcart: Consul to Tripoli
Jonathan Cowdery: Philadelphia ships surgeon, diarist
Richard Dale: First Mediterranean squadron commodore, 1801-2
George Davis: Charg dAffaires in Tunis, succeeding William Eaton; Consul to Tripoli after Cathcart
Stephen Decatur, Jr.: Naval officer
James Decatur: Naval officer, Stephens younger brother
William Eaton: Consul to Tunis, naval agent
Albert Gallatin: Jefferson administration Treasury Secretary
John Jay: Confederation Foreign Secretary
Thomas Jefferson: Minister to France, Vice President, President
Henry Knox: Washington administration War Secretary
Tobias Lear: Consul General for Barbary, Consul to Algiers, succeeding Richard OBrien
James Madison: Virginia congressman, Jefferson administration Secretary of State
Richard Valentine Morris: Second Mediterranean squadron commodore, 18023
Presley OBannon: Marine lieutenant
Richard OBrien: Consul General for Barbary, Consul to Algiers
Edward Preble: Third Mediterranean squadron commodore, 1803-4
William Ray: Philadelphia Marine, diarist
John Rodgers: Naval officer and Fifth Mediterranean Squadron commodore, 18056
James Simpson: Consul to Morocco
Samuel Smith: Jefferson administration Navy Secretary
Robert Smith: Jefferson administration Navy Secretary, succeeding his brother Samuel
Barbary
Hadji Ali: Algerian Dey
Hassan Bey: Tripolitan general
Mustifa Bey: Governor of Derna
Sidi Mahomet Dghies: Tripolitan Foreign Secretary
Reis Hammida: Algerian admiral
Hamet Karamanli: Exiled Bashaw of Tripoli
Yusuf Karamanli: Bashaw of Tripoli, Hamets younger brother
Ahmed Pasha Khorshid: Ottoman viceroy of Egypt
Soliman Ben Mahomet: Moroccan Emperor after Maulay Sulaiman
Sidi Soliman Melli Melli: Tunisian ambassador to United States
Sidi Muhammad ibn Abd Allah: Moroccan Emperor
Bobba Mustapha: Algerian Dey
Hamouda Pacha: Tunisian Bey
Hassan Pasha: Algerian Dey
Murad Reis (Peter Lisle): Grand Admiral of Tripoli, named after a 17th-century Algerian pirate
Maulay Muhammed: Moroccan Emperor, succeeding Sidi Muhammed
Hadgi Unis Ben Unis: Tunisian Beys Sapitapa, or commercial agent
Europeans
Sir Alexander Ball: British governor of Malta
Citizen Beaussier: French Charge dAffaires in Tripoli
Lord Horatio Nelson: British admiral, Mediterranean fleet
Nicholas Nissen: Danish Consul in Tripoli
Mathurins: Catholic friar order that redeemed Barbary captives
SHIPS OF THE UNITED STATES MEDITERRANEAN SQUADRON, 18011806, AND THEIR COMMANDERS
Squadron 1, 18012
President, 44-gun frigate, Commodore Richard Dale
Philadelphia, 36-gun frigate, Captain Samuel Barron
Essex, 32-gun frigate, Captain William Bainbridge
Boston, 28-gun frigate, Captain Daniel McNeill
Enterprise, 12-gun schooner, Lieutenant Andrew Sterett
Squadron 2, 18023
Chesapeake, 36-gun frigate, Commodore Richard Valentine Morris
Constellation, 36-gun frigate, Captain Alexander Murray
New York, 36-gun frigate, Captain James Barron, Captain Isaac Chauncey
John Adams, 28-gun frigate, Captain John Rodgers
Boston, 28-gun frigate, Captain Daniel McNeill
Adams, 28-gun frigate, Captain Hugh Campbell
Enterprise, 12-gun schooner, Lieutenant Andrew Sterett, Lieutenant Isaac Hull
Squadron 3, 18034
Constitution, 44-gun frigate, Commodore Edward Preble
Philadelphia, 36-gun frigate, Captain William Bainbridge
John Adams, 28-gun frigate, Captain Isaac Chauncey
Siren, 16-gun brig, Lieutenant Charles Stewart
Scvurge, 16-gun brig, Lieutenant John Dent, Midshipman Ralph Izard
Argus, 16-gun brig, Lieutenant Isaac Hull
Vixen, 12-gun schooner, Lieutenant John Smith
Nautilus, 12-gun schooner, Lieutenant Richard Somers
Enterprise, 12-gun schooner, Lieutenant Stephen Decatur, Jr.
Intrepid, 4-gun ketch, Lieutenant Stephen Decatur, Jr., Lieutenant Richard Somers
Squadron 4, 18045
President, 44-gun frigate, Commodore Samuel Barron
Constitution, 44-gun frigate, Captain Stephen Decatur, Jr., Captain John Rodgers
Congress, 36-gun frigate, Captain John Rodgers, Captain Stephen Decatur, Jr.
Essex, 32-gun frigate, Captain James Barron
John Adams, 28-gun frigate, Captain Isaac Chauncey
Siren, 16-gun brig, Lieutenant Charles Stewart
Argus, 16-gun brig, Lieutenant Isaac Hull
Vixen, 12-gun schooner, Lieutenant John Smith
Nautilus, 12-gun schooner, Lieutenant John Dent
Enterprise, 12-gun schooner, Lieutenant Thomas Robinson, Jr.
Hornet, 10-gun sloop, Lieutenant Samuel Evans
Squadron 5, 18056
Constitution, 44-gun frigate, Commodore John Rodgers
President, 44-gun frigate, Captain James Barron
Constellation, 36-gun frigate, Captain Hugh Campbell
Congress, 36-gun frigate, Captain Stephen Decatur, Jr.
Essex, 32-gun frigate, Lieutenant John Cox
John Adams, 28-gun frigate, Lieutenant John Shaw
Siren, 16-gun brig, Lieutenant Charles Stewart
Argus, 16-gun brig, Lieutenant Isaac Hull
Vixen, 12-gun schooner, Lieutenant John Smith
Nautilus, 12-gun schooner, Lieutenant John Dent
Enterprise, 12-gun schooner, Lieutenant Thomas Robinson, Jr., Lieutenant David Porter
Hornet, 10-gun sloop, Lieutenant Samuel Evans
Franklin, 8-gun sloop, Lieutenant Thomas Robinson, Jr.
The Super Frigates
United States, 44 guns, built in Philadelphia, launched July 1797
Constellation, 36 guns, built in Baltimore, launched September 1797
Constitution, 44 guns, built in Boston, launched July 1798
Congress, 36 guns, built in Portsmouth, N.H., launched August 1799
Chesapeake, 36 guns, built in Norfolk, launched December 1799
President, 44 guns, built in New York, launched April 1800
GLOSSARY
AgroundResting on the bottom.
AloftAnywhere above deck, such as in the upper yards, rigging or masts.
BecalmedMotionless because of lack of wind.
