What a fine book! It has all the virtues one wants in a work of synthesis. Sean Connolly has read almost everything in print on the Irish diaspora, and he distills the material in a gentle, generous, and highly readable fashionand yet with an engaged and edgy quality. Thus, several of the myths about the Irish worldwidesuch as that they had an instinctive sympathy with indigenous and racialized groupsare called into question. On Every Tide is the ideal place for anyone interested in the Irish diaspora to begin, and, for those with some previous knowledge, to recalibrate their compass.
Donald H. Akenson, Queens University
A nuanced overview of Irish migrations, focusing on the experiences of both Catholic and Protestant Irish in United States, Great Britain, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and, to a lesser extent, Argentina. Connolly offers a subtle analysis of the meaning of diaspora in the context of the varied patterns of Irish demographics and integration across several societies. On Every Tide likewise presents shrewd observations on Irelands interactions with its far-flung progeny as well as on the changing nature of what it means to be Irish, whether one lives on the island or elsewhere. All readers interested in the topics of international migration, ethnicity, assimilations, and globalization should put this book on their reading list.
Thomas J. Archdeacon, University of Wisconsin-Madison
On Every Tide is a richly detailed, deeply insightful, and beautifully written panorama of Irelands history of migration. Connolly excels in explaining the causes of Irish emigration and the impact of that mobility on Ireland, the people who left home, and the societies they helped create. This impressive book constitutes a major contribution to the new, globally oriented scholarship on the Irish diaspora.
Malcolm Campbell, University of Auckland
On Every Tide is an expert survey of the Irish diaspora from the seventeenth century to the present day. Elegantly written, highly accessible, yet carefully researched and wonderfully comprehensive, the book displays the impressive skills of one of Irelands foremost historians. Connollys masterful contribution to our understanding of Irish emigration will not only be essential reading for students of Irish and American history, it will appeal to anyone interested in how Irish migration impacted the history of the modern world.
Robert Savage, Boston College
On Every Tide is the first comprehensive history of the Irish diaspora from pre-famine times to the present. This remarkable book, which is both readable and scholarly, ranging from North America and Britain to South America, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, highlights the diversity of the Irish diaspora: Protestant and Catholic, unionist and nationalist, and their different experiences in the places where they settled.
Mary E. Daly, University College Dublin
Copyright 2022 by Sean Connolly
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First Edition: October 2022
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Connolly, S. J. (Sean J.), author.
Title: On every tide: the making and remaking of the Irish world / Sean Connolly.
Other titles: Making and remaking of the Irish world
Description: First edition. | New York: Basic Books, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2022019418 | ISBN 9780465093953 (hardcover) | ISBN 9780465093960 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Irish diaspora. | IrishForeign countriesHistory. | IrelandEmigration and immigrationHistory. | National characteristics, Irish.
Classification: LCC DA928 .C66 2022 | DDC 909/.049162dc23/eng/20220616
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022019418
ISBNs: 9780465093953 (hardcover), 9780465093960 (ebook)
E3-20220816-JV-NF-ORI
For Iona and Paige
Ireland and the World
Gerald OHara arrived in Savannah, Georgia, in 1822, at the age of 21, with nothing but the clothes on his back, two shillings above his passage money and a price on his head. He had fled his native County Meath after killing an English absentee landlords rent agent who had insulted him by whistling the opening bars of an Orange ballad. In Savannah he joined two older brothers, long ago exiled for their own activities involving preparations for rebellion and a cache of hidden weapons. Beginning life in America as humble waggoners, they had established themselves as wealthy merchants. Their younger brother, however, did better still. In a late night, whiskey-fuelled poker game, he won the deeds to a failing cotton plantation 250 miles inland, located dangerously close to territory still inhabited by potentially menacing Cherokees. Over the next ten years Gerald succeeded in building this unpromising prize into a profitable venture, and in establishing himself as a respected, if rough-tongued, member of landed society. His social ascent was confirmed when, at the age of 43, he married Ellen Robillard, twenty-eight years his junior and the daughter of an old French family in Savannah.
Thirty years after Gerald OHara, in 1853, the 19-year-old Patrick Durack, born in County Clare, arrived with his family in Britains oldest Australian colony, New South Wales. After working for ten years on a smallholding bought with money earned during a foray into the goldfields of neighbouring Victoria, he relocated to the southwest of the new colony of Queensland. A prolonged drought that killed off the livestock they had brought with them took him and his associates close to disaster. Within a few years, however, they had built up a fortune by staking their claim to land that they could then sell on to later, less enterprising settlers, and by cannily investing in the first towns to take root in the region. Yet in 1883 Durack made the astounding decision to hazard everything he had gained by moving again, setting out with his relatives on a twenty-eight-month trek across 3,000 miles to Kimberley in northwest Australia, bringing with them more than 7,000 cattle to form the basis of a new ranching empire. By the 1920s the family controlled over seven million acres of land, and Patrick Duracks son was one of the regions representatives in the Australian parliament.
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