Andrew Hammond - Late Ottoman Origins of Modern Islamic Thought: Turkish and Egyptian Thinkers on the Disruption of Islamic Knowledge

Chase F. Robinson, National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution (general editor)

Anne Broadbridge, University of Massachusetts Amherst

Michael Cook, Princeton University

Maribel Fierro, Spanish National Research Council

Alan Mikhail, Yale University

Intisar Rabb, Harvard University

Muhammad Qasim Zaman, Princeton University

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www.cambridge.org

Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781009199506

DOI: 10.1017/9781009199544

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Hammond, Andrew, 1970 author.

Title: Late Ottoman origins of modern Islamic thought : Turkish and Egyptian thinkers on the disruption of Islamic knowledge / Andrew Hammond.

Description: New York : Cambridge University Press, 2022. | Series: Cambridge studies in Islamic civilization | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2022030504 (print) | LCCN 2022030505 (ebook) | ISBN 9781009199506 (hardback) | ISBN 9781009199537 (paperback) | ISBN 9781009199544 (epub)

Subjects: LCSH: Islam--Turkey--19th century. | Islam--Egypt--19th century. | Muslim scholars--19th century--Bio-bibliography. | Muslim scholars--20th century--Bio-bibliography. | Mehmet kif, 1873-1936. | abr, Muaf, 1869-1954. | Kawthar, Muammad Zhid ibn al-asan.

Classification: LCC BP161 .H26 2022 (print) | LCC BP161 (ebook) | DDC 297.09561/09034--dc23/eng/20220711

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022030504

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022030505

The current study began life as a doctoral thesis at the University of Oxford, and its initial question was, what happened to Late Ottoman Islamic thought, beyond its known and extensively researched political, intellectual, and institutional extensions inside modern Turkey? What happens to a centuries-old religious tradition when an elite that believes it has the power to transform, banish, or wish it away in an instant of historical time seizes control of the state to implement a project of radical transformation? The realisation that the major minds of that traditions final era had in fact decamped to Cairo during the early republican period prompted further questions about their writing, their interactions with intellectuals and religious scholars in Egypt, and their engagement with events back in Turkey. Having co-opted, marginalised, and crushed opposition, Turkeys new leaders had set off on a revolutionary path to discard what they regarded as a corrosive pre-modern tradition in terms of religious belief and practice and embrace a draconian vision of what it means to be modern, national, and rational that was in equal measure thrilling and horrifying to audiences both regional and global. The study in hand is the result of those investigations, and I would like to thank the various examiners and commentators for helping it wind its way to conclusion. They include kr Haniolu, Rosalind OHanlon, Christopher Melchert, Laurent Mignon, Ronald Nettler, and Eugene Rogan, as well as the Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilizations editor Chase Robinson and three anonymous readers. I would also like to thank Gerald Hawting with whom I studied early Islam and Owen Wright with whom I studied Arabic, in addition to Oxfords wonderful Turkish teacher Emine akr.

Since the religious scholars in question wrote mainly in Arabic, I have used Arabic as the default language for technical terminology, but when discussing Turkish texts or the Turkish public sphere I use Turkish. In footnotes, the International Journal of Middle East Studies is abbreviated to IJMES and the journals Srat-I Mstakim , Sebilrread , and Beyanlhak to SM , SR , and BH , respectively. Translations of the various languages cited are by the author, except where otherwise indicated, and I have striven to cite from books from the original language in which they were written, in line with the studys key mission to trace the genealogy and trajectory of ideas. Translations of book and poem titles in Arabic and Turkish are given in the main text on first mention, but not in the notes; however, the list of dated articles by Kevseri in the