Eric Storm (editor) - Colonial Soldiers in Europe, 1914-1945: Aliens in Uniform in Wartime Societies (Routledge Studies in Modern History)

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Colonial Soldiers in Europe, 19141945

During the first half of the twentieth century, European countries witnessed the arrival of hundreds of thousands of colonial soldiers fighting in European territory (First and Second World War and Spanish Civil War) and coming into contact with European society and culture. For many Europeans, these were the first instances in which they met Asians or Africans, and the presence of Indian, Indo-Chinese, Moluccan, Senegalese, Moroccan or Algerian soldiers in Europe did not go unnoticed. This book explores this experience as it relates to the returning soldierswho often had difficulties readapting to their subordinate status at homeand to European authorities who for the first time had to accommodate large numbers of foreigners in their own territories, which in some ways would help shape later immigration policies.

Eric Storm lectures European History at Leiden University.

Ali Al Tuma is a Ph.D. candidate at Leiden University.

Routledge Studies in Modern History

1 Isolation

Places and practices of Exclusion

Edited by Carolyn Strange and Alison Bashford

2 From Slave Trade to Empire

European colonisation of Black Africa 1780s1880s

Edited by Olivier Ptr Grenouilleau

3 Revolution, Counter-Revolution and Revisionism in Postcolonial Africa

The case of Mozambique, 19751994

Alice Dinerman

4 Charity and Mutual Aid in Europe and North America Since 1800

Edited by Paul Bridgen and Bernard Harris

5 Churchill, Roosevelt and India

Propaganda during World War II

Auriol Weigold

6 Genocide and Fascism

The eliminationist drive in Fascist Europe

Aristotle Kallis

7 Scientific Research in World War II

What scientists did in the War

Edited by Ad Maas and Hans Hooijmaijers

8 Restoration and History

The search for a useable environmental past

Edited by Marcus Hall

9 Foundations of Modernity

Human agency and the imperial state

Isa Blumi

10 Transpacific Revolutionaries

The Chinese Revolution in Latin America

Matthew D. Rothwell

11 First World War Nursing

New perspectives

Edited by Alison S. Fell and Christine E. Hallett

12 The Ideological Cold War

The politics of neutrality in Austria and Finland

Johanna Rainio-Niemi

13 War and Displacement in the Twentieth Century

Global conflicts

Edited by Sandra Barkhof and Angela K. Smith

14 Longue Dure of the Far-Right

An international historical sociology

Edited by Richard Saul, Alexander Anievas, Neil Davidson and Adam Fabry

15 Transnational Perspectives on Modern Irish History

Edited by Niall Whelehan

16 Ireland in the World

Comparative, Transnational, and Personal Perspectives

Edited by Angela McCarthy

17 The Global History of the Balfour Declaration

Declared Nation

Maryanne A. Rhett

18 Colonial Soldiers in Europe, 19141945

Aliens in Uniform in Wartime Societies

Edited by Eric Storm and Ali Al Tuma

First published 2016

by Routledge

711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017

and by Routledge

2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

2016 Taylor & Francis

The right of the editors to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Storm, Eric, 1966 editor. | Al Tuma, Ali, editor, author.

Title: Colonial soldiers in Europe, 19141945 : aliens in uniform

in wartime societies / edited by Eric Storm and Ali Al Tuma.

Description: New York : Routledge, 2016. | Series: Routledge studies in

modern history ; 18 | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2015041382 (print) | LCCN 2015047913 (ebook) |

ISBN 9781138999305 (alk. paper) | ISBN 9781315658414 (ebk)

Subjects: LCSH: Sociology, MilitaryEuropeHistory20th century. |

France. Armee. Troupes colonialesHistory20th century. | Great

Britain. ArmyColonial forcesHistory20th century. | Spain

HistoryCivil War, 19361939Participation, Moroccan. | Aliens

EuropeHistory20th century. | EuropeHistory, Military

20th century.

Classification: LCC U21.5 .C655 2016 (print) | LCC U21.5 (ebook) |

DDC 355.3/5909409041dc23

LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015041382

ISBN: 978-1-138-99930-5 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-315-65841-4 (ebk)

Typeset in Sabon

by Apex CoVantage, LLC

Contents

ERIC STORM AND ALI AL TUMA

RICHARD S. FOGARTY

RAFFAEL SCHECK

NANCY ELLEN LAWLER

MOSHE GERSHOVICH

DAVID KILLINGRAY

DAVID OMISSI

ANDREW T. JARBOE

MARA ROSA DE MADARIAGA

GEOFFREY JENSEN

ALI AL TUMA

FRIDUS STEIJLEN

Eric Storm and Ali Al Tuma

When black prisoners of war arrived in Germany in the summer of 1940, whole villages went out to see these aliens in uniform. In fact, most of the inhabitants only knew Africans from illustrated magazines, human zoos or travelling shows with exotic peoples. Now they could see them in person. During the major wars that raged through Europe in the first half of the twentieth century, many other Europeans also encountered inhabitants of African and Asian colonies for the first time as hundreds of thousands of soldiers from the Maghreb, Sub-Saharan Africa, India, Indochina and the West Indies arrived to help their European overlords defend their motherland. This was new and maybe even confusing for the colonial soldiers and their white superiors, but also for civilians, as the traditional racial barriers of the colonial context seemed to have become blurred in the new setting.

Obviously, native troops were already used for maintaining order within the colonies themselves. During the early modern period, this mostly happened through formal and informal alliances with native princes or tribes, a form of collaboration that extended well into the nineteenth century. Sometimes indigenous auxiliaries were also employed directly.

The French also used colonial troops to suppress the Parisian workers revolt of June 1848 and to fight the Prussians from 18701871. However, these instances were brief, and the number of soldiers involved was limited. This would be very different during the First and Second World Wars, when not only the French but also the British used hundreds of thousands of colonial troops on European soil. A lesser-known war in which tens of thousands of colonial soldiers participated was the Spanish Civil War; the rebellious generals led by Francisco Franco heavily relied on troops recruited from the Spanish Protectorate in the North of Morocco.

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