KHEDIVE ISMAIL'S ARMY
This book examines military failure in the age of Imperialism. On paper, the mid-nineteenth-century Egyptian army seems a formidable regional power. It had a tradition of success, modern weapons, and mercenary officers with experience in major wars. Egypt's ruler, Khedive Ismail, hoped to combine the imported technology and brains with native manpower, and establish an Egyptian-dominated Horn of Africa. His soldiers did conquer parts of the Sudan, but they suffered disastrous defeats during the EgyptianAbyssinian War of 18751876.
Although the book provides the first detailed examination of the EgyptianAbyssinian War in English, it also looks at the root problems that made Ismail's soldiers ineffective. These include issues of class, racism, internal and external politics, finance, and the rapidly changing world of mid-nineteenth-century military technology.
Khedive Ismail's Army is aimed at military historians, and would also interest those studying the Middle East or North-East Africa.
John P. Dunn, an Assistant Professor of History at Valdosta State University, Georgia, studies military affairs in nineteenth-century Egypt, Poland and China. His work has appeared in The Journal of Military History, War in History, and The Journal of Slavic Military Affairs.
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KHEDIVE ISMAIL'S
ARMY
John P. Dunn
First published 2005
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave., New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
2005 John P. Dunn
Typeset in Times by Taylor & Francis Books
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Antony Rowe Ltd, Chippenham, Wiltshire
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN 0714657042
LIST OF MAPS
Many of the sketch maps in Khedive Ismail's Army are based on originals from Egypt's Dar al-Watha'iq al-Qawmiya (DAW) in most cases, prepared by members of Ismail's tat Major. Others are the work of contemporary explorers and travellers. Whenever possible, the original cartographer is remembered by the words, as per, and the book listed in the bibliography.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Generosity casts a long shadow. (Arab proverb)
Such shadows cover the pages in front of you, for many individuals helped in their completion. Though hardly even an effendi in the study of history, the writer was assisted by many great pashas. It is very fitting that they should be listed before all else.
First, Dr Jose Alvarez, who convinced the author to attend graduate school. Second, the author greatly appreciates the advice, assistance, and encouragement offered by Dr Peter P. Garretson, Tallahassee, Florida; plus Ms Anne Spengler and the hard-working Interlibrary Loan Staff at Florida State University; Dr Richard Pankhurst, Addis Ababa; Dr Richard Hill, Dr Douglas Johnson, Oxford; Dr Grard Prunier, Grard Margolis, Paris; Roy Marcot, San Ramon, California; Dr Terry Walz, New York; Dajjazmatch Zewde Gabre-Sellassie, Yonkers, New York; Dr Letitia Ufford, Princeton; Dr David Williams, Dr Melanie Byrd, Colonel Fred N. Dunn, Valdosta, Georgia; Sawsan Abd al-Ghani, Ibrahim Saddek, Admiral Galal Allouba, Dr Sulyman Hussein, Dr William C. Reed, and Mark Easton, Cairo.
build on articles already published in War in History; The Journal of Military History; and The War Correspondent: The Journal of the Crimean War Research Society. It goes without saying that financial support allowed the research for such articles and the completion of this book. Generous grants came from the American Research Center in Egypt, the American Society of Arms Collectors, Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College, and Florida State University. These allowed travel to the Southern Historical Collection in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, the National Archives in Washington, DC, London's Public Record Office, Cairo's Dar al-Watha'iq al-Qawmiya, Institute dgypte, Mahtaff al-Harbi, and the rare book collections of several other Egyptian institutions. To all individuals and institutions, thanks for your help!
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
IIIA | Georges Douin, Histoire du rgne du khdive Ismail, Tome III: L'Empire Africain, 3e Partie (18741876), Fascicule A (Cairo: L'Institut Franais, MCMXLI) |
IIIB | Georges Douin, Histoire du rgne du khdive Ismail, Tome III: L'Empire Africain, 3e Partie (18741876), Fascicule B (Cairo: L'Institut Franais, MCMXLI) |
E | Egyptian pound |
AMAE | Archives du Ministre des affaires trangres, Paris |
BN | Bibliothque national, Paris |
BSKG | Bulletin de la socit khdival de gographie |
CO | Colonial Office, London |
cor. pol. | correspondance politique |
DAW |