The Red Brigades and the Discourse of Violence
This book explores the communicative practices of the Italian radical group Red Brigades (Brigate Rosse, or BR), the relationship the group established with the Italian press, and the specific social historical context in which the BR developed both its own self-understanding and its complex dialectical connection with the society at large. The BRs worldview and the dominant ideology(ies) mediated by the press are treated as competing responses to structural issues of Italian history: the structural weakness of the nation state, the contradictions of an uneven economic development, and the consequent struggle of the bourgeois class to achieve hegemonic rule.
Marco Briziarelli is Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication and Journalism at the University of New Mexico.
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22 The Red Brigades and the Discourse of Violence
Revolution and Restoration
Marco Briziarelli
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Briziarelli, Marco.
The Red Brigades and the discourse of violence : revolution and restoration / by Marco Briziarelli. 1st Edition.
pages cm. (Routledge studies in modern European history ; 22)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Brigate rosseHistory. 2. TerrorismItaly. 3. Terrorism and mass mediaItaly. 4. ItalyEconomic conditions20th century.
I. Title.
HV6433.I8B75 2014
363.3250945dc23
2013051325
ISBN13: 978-1-138-77692-0 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-1-315-77293-6 (ebk)
Typeset in Sabon
by IBT Global.
Para mi Susana
e la mia Emmina (Uccellino)
Contents
I would never have been able to finish this book without the guidance of my mentors, help from friends, and support from my family and my dear wife. First of all, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Andrew Calabrese, for his excellent guidance. Above all and most crucially, he provided me unflinching encouragement and support. I am indebted to him more than he knows. I also gratefully acknowledge Janice Peck, Pete Simonson, Isaac Reed, and Stewart Hoover for their advice, their supervision, their crucial contributions, and last but not least their friendship. One of the reasons why I miss Colorado is indeed because of you.
I would also like to thank my family, my mother Rita and my elder sister Sara, my brother-in-law Ciotola and my favorite nephew, Smuffo. A special mention goes to my father, Franco, who was my best interlocutor during the thinking/writing process. They all were always supporting me and encouraging me with their best wishes. A big grazie goes to Perugias historic nucleus Anitre Silvatiche: Tafo, Mastro, Abu, Crispo, Tommy and Fojo. I also would like to thank my daughter Emma for her generous smiles. Finally, words fail me in expressing my appreciation to my wife Susana whose dedication, love, and persistent confidence in me has taken the load off my back. I owe her for unselfishly letting her intelligence and passions collide with mine. I love you.
1.1 Necessary or Elective Affinities? the Red Brigades and a Normal Country
The present book recounts the story of the Brigate Rosse (BR), a radical group that in the 1970s wanted to change the course of Italian history. The BR did in fact change it, although it also ended up being subject to it in unfortunate ways that could not be anticipated. At the same time, this is a book about a country that vehemently condemned the organizations activities without recognizing in the BR its own dialectical self, its contradictions.
On the one hand, one finds Italy a very peculiar country that has for a long time aspired to normality. However, the more it aspired to the dominant understanding of social and political norms, the more the dialectical nature of its own project of modernity became evident: a country that combines liberal-democratic ideology with an enduring neo-corporatist tradition; a nation which by prosperity and population belongs to the side of France, Britain, and Germany but that has never played a comparable role in the affairs of the continent, and has rarely been regarded as a diplomatic partner or rival of much significance (Anderson, 2002, p.1); a society permanently walking along the borderline of dysfunctionality, which at the same time consistently produces remarkable examples of wealth, culture, and civic virtue.