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A publisher of original scholarship since its founding in 1916, New York University Press Produces more than 100 new books each year, with a backlist of 3,000 titles in print. Working across the humanities and social sciences, NYU Press has award-winning lists in sociology, law, cultural and American studies, religion, American history, anthropology, politics, criminology, media and communication, literary studies, and psychology.
General Richard Montgomery
and the American Revolution
The American Social Experience
S E R I E S
General Editor:
JAMES KIRBY MARTIN
Editors:
PAULA S. FASS, STEVEN H. MINTZ, CARL PRINCE, JAMES W. REED & PETER N. STEARNS
1. The March to the Sea and Beyond: Shermans Troops in
the Savannah and Carolinas Campaigns
JOSEPH T. GLATTHAAR
2. Childbearing in American Society: 16501850
CATHERINE M. SCHOLTEN
3. The Origins of Behaviorism: American Psychology, 18701920
JOHN M. ODONNELL
4. New York City Cartmen, 16671850
GRAHAM RUSSELL HODGES
5. From Equal Suffrage to Equal Rights: Alice Paul and
the National Womans Party, 19101928
CHRISTINE A. LUNARDINI
6. Mr. Jeffersons Army: Political and Social Reform
of the Military Establishment, 18011809
THEODORE J. CRACKEL
7. A Peculiar People: Slave Religion and Community
Culture among the Gullahs
MARGARET WASHINGTON CREEL
8. A Mixed Multitude: The Struggle for Toleration
in Colonial Pennsylvania SALLY SCHWARTZ
9. Women, Work, and Fertility, 19001986
SUSAN HOUSEHOLDER VAN HORN
10. Liberty, Virtue, and Progress: Northerners and
Their War for the Union
EARL J. HESS
11. Lewis M. Terman: Pioneer in Psychological Testing
HENRY L. MINTON
12. Schools as Sorters: Lewis M. Terman, Applied Psychology,
and the Intelligence Testing Movement, 18901930
PAUL DAVIS CHAPMAN
13. Free Love: Marriage and Middle-Class Radicalism in America, 18251860
JOHN C. SPURLOCK
14. Jealousy: The Evolution of an Emotion in American History
PETER N. STEARNS
15. The Nurturing Neighborhood: The Brownsville Boys Club and
Jewish Community in Urban America, 19401990
GERALD SORIN
16. War in America to 1775: Before Yankee Doodle
JOHN MORGAN DEDERER
17. An American Vision: Far Western Landscape and
National Culture, 18201920
ANNE FARRAR HYDE
18. Frederick Law Olmsted: The Passion of a Public Artist
MELVIN KALFUS
19. Medical Malpractice in Nineteenth-Century America: Origins and Legacy
KENNETH ALLEN DE VILLE
20. Dancing in Chains: The Youth of William Dean Howells
RODNEY D. OLSEN
21. Breaking the Bonds: Marital Discord in Pennsylvania, 17301830
MERRIL D. SMITH
22. In the Web of Class: Delinquents and Reformers in Boston, 1810s1830s
ERIC C. SCHNEIDER
23. Army of Manifest Destiny: The American Soldier in the
Mexican War, 18461848
JAMES M. MCCAFFREY
24. The Dutch-American Farm
DAVID STEVEN COHEN
25. Independent Intellectuals in the United States, 19101945
STEVEN BIEL
26. The Modern Christmas in America: A Cultural History of Gift Giving
WILLIAM B. WAITS
27. The First Sexual Revolution: The Emergence of
Male Heterosexuality in Modern America
KEVIN WHITE
28. Bad Habits: Drinking, Smoking, Taking Drugs, Gambling,
Sexual Misbehavior, and Swearing in American History
JOHN C. BURNHAM
29. General Richard Montgomery and the American Revolution:
From Redcoat to Rebel
HAL T. SHELTON
Richard Montgomery, portrait engraved by E. Mackenzie from the
original oil by C. W. Peale. Courtesy of the New-York Historical
Society, New York, N.Y.
NEW YORK UNIVERSITY PRESS
New York and London
Copyright 1994 by New York University
All rights reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Shelton, Hal T. (Hal Terry), 1935-
General Richard Montgomery and the American revolution : from redcoat to rebel / Hal T. Shelton.
p. cm. (The American social experience series ; 29)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8147-7975-1
1. Montgomery, Richard, 1738-1775. 2. GenerilsUnited States-Biography. 3. United States. Continental ArmyBiography. 4. Canadian Invasion, 1775-1776. I. Title. II. Series.
E207.M7S48 1994
97 3.3092 dc20
[B] 933767
CIP
New York University Press books are printed on acid-free paper,
and their binding materials are chosen for strength and durability.
Manufactured in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4
Acknowledgments
Like all authors, I amassed a tremendous debt of gratitude during the production of this volume. The many persons who contributed to the fulfillment of this work are too numerous to individually credit here. However, some deserve singular recognition.
This book grew out of my doctoral dissertation, completed at the University of Houston. All historians are products of their education and teachers. Thus, an acknowledgment of the most influential individuals who helped me mold my career is in order. First and foremost, I would like to thank my academic advisor and friend, James Kirby Martin, Professor of History, University of Houston, who gave unstintingly of his time and expertise to inspire and motivate me in this effort. While I was his student and graduate assistant, he demonstrated to me the attributes of a true scholardevoted to teaching, research, and writing. I consider myself extremely fortunate to have become associated with him and reaped the benefits of his knowledge and guidance. He will always stand in my estimation as the epitome of an educator and someone whom I aspire to emulate. A special word of appreciation also goes to Joseph Glatthaar, Chair, Department of History, University of Houston, who materially contributed to my endeavor through his renowned scholarship in military history.
This work could not have been written without access to the document collections of various research institutions and archives. The David Library of the American Revolution serves as the only depository and facility dedicated exclusively to this period of American history. I am greatly indebted to its President and Director, Ezra Stone, and its Director of Research, David J. Fowler, for their personal and professional association and the use of their fine resource center. The archival staffs at the New York Public Library, New-York Historical Society, and Princeton University Library were extremely competent and helpful in making available pertinent materials in their possession.