Soldier, Rebel, Traitor
Soldier, Rebel, Traitor
John, Lord Wenlock and the Wars of the Roses
Alexander R. Brondarbit
First published in Great Britain in 2022 by
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Copyright Alexander R. Brondarbit 2022
ISBN 978-139-900347-6
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For Shirley
Contents
List of Illustrations
Maps
Diagrams
Acknowledgements
I received a great deal of help to write this book and have accumulated numerous debts of gratitude along the way that I am now happy to acknowledge. This book owes its existence to Rupert Harding of Pen & Sword Books, and I am most appreciative of his enthusiasm for the project from the very beginning. Special thanks are due to Dr James Ross, who has lent me his time and assistance on many occasions over the years, including reading and commenting on a draft of this book. Professor Emeritus Edward Rocklin and Professor Onuttom Narayan also reviewed the manuscript, and I am thankful for their insightful comments and suggestions. Professor Emeritus Michael Hicks offered advice and encouragement when I decided to take on this challenging project. I continue to be humbled by his wealth of knowledge and willingness to share all the resources at his disposal.
My friend Dr Dan Gosling of The National Archives at Kew, London, has always been incredibly accommodating to my many requests for photographs of archival records that I could not access in person. I am grateful for his many kindnesses. I similarly relied upon the good nature and patience of my friend and colleague Mr Michael Pratt, who donated his free time to create the maps within this book. Naturally, I benefited greatly from the tremendous scholarship that has been published by countless medieval scholars. This biography of John, Lord Wenlock owes much to the excellent studies that have been published by Dr Simon Payling and the late Professor John S. Roskell. I have gained so much from many friends and colleagues within the community of late medieval historians who took the time to answer my questions, share references, and offer advice or reassuring words. I therefore wish to convey my appreciation to Dr Hannes Kleineke, Dr Samantha Harper, Dr Edward Meek, Dr Gordon McKelvie, Dr Lillian Cspedes Gonzlez, Dr Tom Wex, Dr Mark Whelan, and Dr Dan Spencer. Additionally, I wish to thank Mr Peter Adams and Ms Ulrike Hunt of St Marys Church, Luton, for their generous assistance in providing me with the photographs of the Wenlock Chapel.
I remain grateful to my parents, Raul and Sylvia Brondarbit, who have been an unfailing source of support. This book would not have been possible if not for the innumerable quiet sacrifices they made for me over the years. Finally, this book is dedicated to my partner, Dr Shirley Truong, for her patience and love throughout the writing of this book.
Alexander R. Brondarbit
Santa Cruz, July 2021
Abbreviations
The chapter notes use the following abbreviations. Full details of the works cited below are in the Bibliography.
Annales | W. Worcester, Annales rerum anglicarum, Letters and Papers illustrative of the Wars of the English in France, ed. J. Stevenson, Rolls Series, ii.ii (1864) |
Arrivall | Historie of the arrivall of Edward IV in England and the final recoverye of his kingdoms from Henry VI, A.D. 1471, ed. J. Bruce, Camden Society, vol. I (1838) |
BIHR | Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research |
BL | British Library, London |
Brut | The Brut, pt. 2, ed. F.W. Brie, Early English Text Society, 136 (1908) |
CChR | Calendar of Charter Rolls 12261516, 6 vols. (London, 19031927) |
CCR | Calendar of Close Rolls: Henry VI, VI, 145461 (London, 1967); Edward IV, I-II, 14611468, 146876 (London, 19491953); Edward IV-Edward V-Richard III, 147685 (London, 1954) |
CFR | Calendar of Fine Rolls: XX, Edward IV, 146171 (London, 1949); XXI, Edward IV-Richard III, 147185 (London, 1961) |
CPR | Calendar of Patent Rolls: Henry VI, VI, 145261 (London, 1911); Edward IV, I-II, 14617, 146777 (London, 18971899); Edward IV-Edward V-Richard III, 1476-85 (London, 1901) |
CSP, Milan | Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts existing in the Archives and Collections of Milan, I, 13851618, ed. A.B. Hinds (London, 1913) |
CSP, Venice | Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts relating to English Affairs, existing in the Archives and Collections of Venice, I, 12021509, ed. R. Brown (London, 1864) |
EHR | English Historical Review |
GEC | G.E. Cokayne, Complete Peerage, eds. H.V. Gibbs, H.A. Doubleday, D. Warrand and H. de Walden, 13 vols. (London, 191059) |
Great Chronicle | The Great Chronicle of London, eds. A.H. Thomas and I.D. Thornley (London, 1938) |
Foedera | Foedera, conventiones, literae, et cuiuscunque generis acta publica , ed. T. Rymer, 10 vols. (The Hague, 17391745) |
Hall | H. Ellis, ed., Halls Chronicle (London, 1809) |
HMC | Historical Manuscript Commission |
John Vales Bk | The Politics of Fifteenth-Century England: John Vales Book, eds. M.L. Kekewich, C. Richmond, A.F. Sutton, L. Visser-Fuchs and J.L. Watts (Alan Sutton, Stroud, 1995) |
ODNB | Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, ed. H.C.G. Matthew, B. Harrison, 60 vols. (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004) |
PL&P | Paston Letters and Papers of the Fifteenth Century, eds. N. Davis, C. Richmond, R. Beadle, 3 vols., Early English Text Society, Supplementary Ser., 202 (20042005) |