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A British officer - The Powers of Europe and Fall of Sebastopol

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A British officer The Powers of Europe and Fall of Sebastopol
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TRANSCRIBERS NOTE
Footnote anchors are denoted by [number] , and the footnotes have been placed at the end of the book.
The only fractions in this book are on page 401 and reference time; half-past seven for example is displayed as 7 1/2.
Page numbers 129 and 130 are missing from the original book. No text is missing and this is probably a numbering error by the printer.
The cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the public domain.
Some minor changes to the text are noted at the

THE BATTLE-FIELD OF THE NATIONS.
A Panoramic View of the Seat of War around Sebastopol, including Danubian Provinces, Turkey, Asia Minor, Southern Russia, and the Crimea, from a Survey by order of Louis Napoleon, Emperor of France.
Published by HIGGINS & BRADLEY, 20 Washington Street, Boston.

THE
POWERS OF EUROPE
AND
FALL OF SEBASTOPOL.
BY A BRITISH OFFICER.
ILLUSTRATED FROM SUPERIOR PHOTOGRAPHS.

BOSTON:
HIGGINS AND BRADLEY,
20 Washington Street.
1856.

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1855, by
HIGGINS & BRADLEY,
In the Clerks Office of the District Court of the United States, for the
Southern District of New York.

PREFACE.

This work makes no pretensions to absolute originality being partially a compilation, with incidents in the life of the Author, who was an actor in many of the scenes narrated. He has striven to be judicious in selecting, from the most authentic sources, only that which would be interesting, at this crisis, to the general reader.
Some extracts are given entire; in other cases, long passages have been abridged and condensed.
Information from a vast variety of sources has, in many instances, been put together, and presented in a new and more graphic form.
Minute details, as far as practicable, have been avoided; whilst the whole ground has been, more or less, completely surveyed. The Author has sought to make a popular volume, which might be read with pleasure, and be permanently serviceable as a book of reference.
The bloody sieges of Saragossa, Gerona, and Badajos, have been referred to more in detail to afford the opportunity of comparison with that of Sebastopol; while the battles of Austerlitz and Waterloo have been described for comparison with those of Alma and Inkermann. The origin and progress of the present war are detailed. The biographies of the principal characters now engaged in the East will be found entertaining; and the Author confidently hopes it may prove a volume of interest and permanent value.
H. F. G.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.
Summary survey of EuropeAristocracy of FranceFrance previous to the RevolutionRevolutionary SymptomsThe Great Powers, 17926William PittExecution of Louis XVI.The Allies against FranceSiege of ToulonInvasion of HollandNapoleonHis early youthThirteenth VendemiaireThe Campaign in ItalyRapid victories of BonaparteExpedition to EgyptReturn of BonaparteFirst ConsulateThe passage of the AlpsSecond Campaign in ItalyNapoleon EmperorWar with EnglandAlliance between the Great Powers, 1805Indecision of PrussiaAlexander visits the tomb of Frederick the GreatBattle of AusterlitzTreaty of TilsitSecret understanding respecting TurkeyBritish orders in CouncilBattle of WagramAnnexation of FinlandCampaign of MoscowThe Grand Alliance, 1813Battle of LeipsicAllies enter Paris,
CHAPTER II.
Origin of the War in the PeninsulaSiege of SaragossaMurderous Character of the WarSuccess of the French in PortugalBattle of RolicaBattle of VimieroConvention of CintraThe French evacuate PortugalPreparations of Napoleon for another CampaignHe subdues the Country, and enters MadridAddress to the Spanish PeopleNapoleon recalled by the War with AustriaSoult and Ney intrusted with the Command of the French Army in SpainRetreat of Sir John MooreBattle of CorunnaDeath of Sir John MooreThe British Army sail for England,
CHAPTER III.
Joseph Bonaparte again King of SpainHis Difficulties with SoultSecond Siege of SaragossaAnother English Army, under Sir Arthur Wellesley, lands at LisbonBattle of TalaveraThe English retire into PortugalSiege of GeronaPrincipal Events of the Campaign of 1810The English Troops make a Stand at Torres VedrasRetreat of MassenaSiege of CadizEscape of French PrisonersOpening of the Campaign of 1811,
CHAPTER IV.
The Author, with his Regiment, leaves Gibraltar, for TarifaDissensions between the Spanish and English OfficersBattle of BarossaRetreat of the FrenchSuffering of the Pursuing ArmyGuerillasDon Julian SanchezJuan Martin DiazXavier MinaContinued Privations of the British ArmyAdventures of the Author in Search of FoodArrival of the Commissariat with ProvisionsExtravagant Joy of the TroopsDeparture of the British Army for Badajos,
CHAPTER V.
BadajosIts Capture by the FrenchAttempts to retake it by the EnglishWellington invests it in PersonAssault upon Fort ChristovalStorming of the TownTerrific ConflictThe place sacked by the VictorsDisgraceful Drunkenness and Debauchery of the TroopsThe Main Body of the Army depart for Beira,
CHAPTER VI.
Brief Summary of Events for Four Years preceding the Battle of WaterlooAuthors Narrative resumed at that PeriodPreparation of Troops for the BattleSkirmishing preceding its CommencementReception of the News at BrusselsDeparture of the English for the Field of BattleDisposition of the ForcesAttack upon HougomontProgress of the BattleArrival of the Prussian ReinforcementsCharge of the Old GuardFlight of the French,
CHAPTER VII.
TURKEY AND RUSSIA.
Origin of the Ottoman EmpireSiege and Capture of Constantinople by the TurksMahometThe SultansAbdul MedjidHis popularity and powerThe Koran.
The Russian EmpireArea and populationSocial organizationReligious policyNobilitySerfsConscriptionThe ArmyProgress of Russia and extension of her frontiersNicholasPoland,
CHAPTER VIII.
HISTORY OF THE WAR.
Arrival of Menschikoff at ConstantinopleDemands of the CzarThe SultanOccupation of Moldavia and WallachiaConference of ViennaProtest of the PorteTurkish forcesCommencement of hostilities,
CHAPTER IX.
OMER PACHA.
AnecdoteHis BirthReformsSultan MahmudEnlistment in the Turkish armyHis applicationExpeditions among the wild tribesAppointed GeneralissimoPresent high positionDomestic lifeMarriagePersonal habitsKossuth and Hungarian refugeesWar on the DanubeBattle of Oltenitza,
CHAPTER X.
SCHAMYL, THE PROPHET-WARRIOR OF THE CAUCASUS.
CaucasusCharacter of the tribesCircassian slave tradeBirth of SchamylPersonal appearanceForm of governmentHis army and body-guardFinancial ruleStruggles with RussiaPersonal habitsLegendCircassian women in battleEscape from the Russians,
CHAPTER XI.
SINOPE.
Town of SinopeOsman PachaThe MussulmansThe Black Sea squadronExploit of Captain DrummondSebastopol harborAchmet PachaCitateThe BattleTurkey, as a military powerChristian populationWar in AsiaEngland and FranceDeclaration of WarEmbarkation of Troops,
CHAPTER XII.
TREATY OF ALLIANCE.
The Five Articles of the TreatyWar on the DanubeGeneral LudersThe PestilenceDecree of the CzarGovernor of MoscowLoss of the frigate TigerCaptain GiffordBlack Sea fleetDuke of CambridgeArrival at VarnaCaptain HallAdmiral PlumridgeGeneral BodiscoSilistriaThe SiegeMussa PachaEvacuation of the Principalities by the Russians,
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