This work would have been greatly impoverished without the benefit of well-thumbed and extensively highlighted copies of Stephen Haycox's Alaska: An American Colony and two works by Roderick Nash, Wilderness and the American Mind and Tourism, Parks, and the Wilderness Idea in the History of Alaska. I especially owe a debt of gratitude to Nash for pointing out that the word travel stems from travail, and for his observation that it is easier to stay home. I relied on the late Morgan B. Sherwood's Exploration of Alaska, 18651900 for his thorough explication of the nineteenth-century expeditions that made the unknowns of Alaska known. Other good guides to the Alaska of the late 1800s and early 1900s are Pierre Berton's The Klondike Fever and The Life and Death of the Last Great Gold Rush, Robert Campbell's In Darkest Alaska: Travel and Empire along the Inside Passage, and David Wharton's The Alaska Gold Rush.
In considering this work for publication, the University of Washington Press asked two readers to review and comment on the manuscript. The identities of these persons areat least to meunknown, but I am nonetheless indebted to them for valuable insights that helped shape the final draft.
I thank these known authors and anonymous readers for their keen interest in Alaska and its history. My task was made easier by the hard work each of them has done.
I also am deeply grateful to my husband, Jerry Ballanco, who has been unwavering in his affection for Alaska, his interest in these writers, and his support for my work. My creative and enthusiastic daughter, Amy E. Despalier Meaux, was the best proofreader I could have hoped for, and my son, Jared Meaux, and his search program saved me endless hours in the revision process. Steven Villano patiently revised the 1910 map of Alaska and fielded my photography questions. Amy D. Meaux read and made suggestions to the introduction, and Laura and Travis Polk were enthusiastic supporters.
I can never adequately thank poet Thomas Sexton for suggesting that I take a look at the UAA Consortium Library's Alaskana collection and for making me believe I was a writer. The late William Siemens, along with other staff and faculty at UAACatherine Innes-Taylor, Peggy Michielsen, and Stephen Haycoxassisted in more ways that I can count with the first version of the manuscript in 1983 and 1984. Patrick Dougherty, James Macknicki, and M. A. Mariner, my editors at the Anchorage Daily News, gave me the privilege of writing for the News, and taught me much about good writing, and I thank them.
David Kessler of the Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkley; Carla Rickerson in Special Collections at the University of Washington's Allen Library; and Sandra Johnston of the Alaska State Library were of invaluable assistance. I owe much gratitude to my friend and coach, James Nolan, who encouraged me to pick up this project after it had lain fallow for many years. I also thank Carolyn Perry, Grace Frisone, Celeste Berteau, Maurice Ruffin, Don Downey, Joe Barbara, Amy Conner, and Bruce Nesbitt, who read and critiqued parts of this work. And I am grateful, for the many ways they have offered encouragement and assistance, to Woodrow and Laura Morgan, Elaine and Ed Cordova, Peggy and Dick Welch, Gail and Dick Barnes, Gail Pittenger, Becky Sencial, Sandra Jones, Don Sparrow, Patrick Meaux, Laurie Honold, and Kerrie Maynes.
Finally, I thank Marianne Keddington-Lang of the University of Washington Press, whose enthusiasm for and support of this project made my heart feel like it would burst.
Bibliography
Works of the Anthology
Abercrombie, Captain William R., and Captain Edwin F. Glenn. Report of Captain W. R. Abercrombie. Adjutant-General's Office. Reports of Explorations in the Territory of Alaska (Cooks Inlet, Sushitna, Copper, and Tanana Rivers), 1898. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1899.
Aldrich, Herbert L. Arctic Alaska and Siberia; or, Eight Months with the Arctic Whalemen. Chicago: Rand, McNally and Company, 1889.
Allen, Lieutenant Henry T. Report of an Expedition to the Copper, Tanan, and Kyukuk Rivers in the Territory of Alaska in the Year 1885. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1887.
Clark, M. Roadhouse Tales; or Nome in 1900. Girard, KS: Appeal Publishing Company, 1902.
Collis, Septima M. A Woman's Trip to Alaska; Being an Account of a Voyage Through the Inland Seas of the Sitkan Archipelago in 1890. New York: Cassell Publishing, 1890.
Devine, Edward J. Across Widest America: Newfoundland to Alaska, with the Impressions of a Two Years' Sojourn on the Bering Coast. Montreal: The Canadian Messenger, 1905.
De Windt, Harry. Through the Gold-Fields of Alaska to Bering Straits. New York: Harper Brothers, 1898.
Dietz, Arthur Arnold. Mad Rush for Gold in Frozen North. Los Angeles: Times-Mirror Printing and Binding House, 1914.
Dunn, Robert. The Shameless Diary of an Explorer. New York: The Outing Publishing Company, 1907.
Grinnell, Joseph. Gold Hunting in Alaska. Elgin, IL: David C. Cook Publishing Company, 1901.
Hallock, Charles. Our New Alaska; or, the Seward Purchase Vindicated. New York: Forest and Stream Publishing Company, 1886.
Herbert, Agnes, and a Shikri. Two Dianas in Alaska. London: J. Lane, 1909.
Hine, C. C. A Trip to Alaska: Being a Report of a Lecture Given with Stereopticon Illustrations. Milwaukee: King, Fowle and Company, 1889.
Hitchcock, Mary E. Two Women in the Klondike: The Story of a Journey to the Gold-Fields of Alaska. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1899.
Ingersoll, Ernest. In Richest Alaska and the Gold Fields of the Klondike. Chicago: The Dominion Company, 1897.
Kirk, Robert C. Twelve Months in Klondike. London: William Heinemann, 1899.
Muir, John. Notes of a Naturalist. San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, September 6, 1879.
Powell, Addison M. Trailing and Camping in Alaska. New York: Wessels & Bissell, 1910.
Seton Karr, H. W. Shores and Alps of Alaska. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington, 1887.
Spurr, Josiah Edward. Through the Yukon Gold Diggings: A Narrative of Personal Travel. Boston: Eastern Publishing Company, 1900.
Stacey, John F., and Mrs. John W. Davis. To Alaska for Gold. N.p., n.d.
Stuck, Hudson. Ten Thousand Miles with a Dog Sled: A Narrative of Winter Travel in Interior Alaska. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1914.
Sullivan, May Kellogg. A Woman Who Went to Alaska. Boston: James H. Earle and Company, 1902.
Taylor, Charles M., Jr. Touring Alaska and the Yellowstone. Philadelphia: George W. Jacobs & Co., 1901.
Willard, Mrs. Eugene S. Life in Alaska: Letters of Mrs. Eugene S. Willard. Eva McClintock, ed. Philadelphia: Presbyterian Board of Publication, 1884.
Winchester, J. D. Captain J. D. Winchester's Experience on a Voyage from Lynn, Massachusetts, to San Francisco, Cal., and to the Alaskan Gold Fields. Salem, MA: Newcomb and Gauss, 1900.
Primary Sources
Abercrombie, Captain W. R. Report of Captain W. R. Abercrombie. Copper River Exploring Expedition, 1899. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1900.
. Supplementary Expedition into the Copper River Valley, Alaska. US Congress, Senate. Committee on Military Affairs. Compilation of Narratives of Explorations in Alaska. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1900.
Aldrich, Herbert. Eskimo Whaling. Outing Magazine 18, no. 1 (1891): 1318.
American Geographical Society Bulletin. Exploration of Central Alaska. The Alaska and Northwest Quarterly