Lance Herdegen - THOSE DAMNED BLACK HATS!: The Iron Brigade in the Gettysburg Campaign
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The Iron Brigade-an all-Western outfit famously branded as The Iron Brigade of the West-served out their enlistments entirely in the Eastern Theater. Hardy men were these soldiers from Indiana, Wisconsin, and Michigan, who waged war beneath their unique black Hardee Hats on many fields, from Brawners Farm during the Second Bull Run Campaign all the way to Appomattox. In between were memorable combats at South Mountain, Antietam, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, the Overland Campaign, and the grueling fighting around Petersburg. None of these battles compared with the four long hours of July 1, 1863, at Gettysburg, where the Iron Brigade was all but wrecked.
Lance Herdegens Those Damned Black Hats! The Iron Brigade in the Gettysburg Campaign is the first book-length account of their remarkable experiences in Pennsylvania during that fateful summer of 1863, and winner of The Army Historical Foundation Distinguished Writing Award for Operational / Battle History, 2008. Drawing upon a wealth of sources, including dozens of previously unpublished or unused accounts, Herdegen details for the first time the exploits of the 2nd, 6th, and 7th Wisconsin, 19th Indiana, and 24th Michigan regiments during the entire campaign. On July 1, the Western troops stood line-to-line and often face-to-face with their Confederate adversaries, who later referred to them as those damned Black Hats. With the help of other stalwart comrades, the Hoosiers, Badgers, and Wolverines shed copious amounts of blood to save the Army of the Potomacs defensive position west of town. Their heroics above Willoughby Run, along the Chambersburg Pike, and at the Railroad Cut helped define the opposing lines for the rest of the battle and, perhaps, won the battle that helped preserve the Union.
Herdegens account is much more than a battle study. The story of the fighting at the Bloody Railroad Cut is well known, but the attack and defense of McPhersons Ridge, the final stand at Seminary Ridge, the occupation of Culps Hill, and the final pursuit of the Confederate Army has never been explored in sufficient depth or with such story-telling ability. Herdegen completes the journey of the Black Hats with an account of the reconciliation at the 50th Anniversary Reunion and the Iron Brigades place in Civil War history.
Where has the firmness of the Iron Brigade at Gettysburg been surpassed in history? asked Rufus Dawes of the 6th Wisconsin. Indeed, it was a fair question. The brigade marched to Gettysburg with 1,883 men in ranks and by nightfall on July 1, only 671 men were still to be counted. It would fight on to the end of the Civil War, and do so without its all-Western makeup, but never again was it a major force in battle.
Some 150 years after the last member of the Iron Brigade laid down his life for his country, the complete story of what the Black Hats did at Gettysburg and how they remembered it is now available in paperback.
REVIEWS: . . . brings to life the story of the men who sacrificed so much. . . . Herdegen is able to weave all of the letters and personal accounts into a seamless story that is hard to put down. . . . a great tribute to the men who served in one of the most famous units in the Civil War. Collected Miscellany, 1/2009
About the Author: Award-winning journalist Lance J. Herdegen is the former director of the Institute of Civil War Studies at Carroll University. He previously worked as a reporter and editor for the United Press International (UPI) news service covering national politics and civil rights. He presently is an historical consultant for the Civil War Museum of the Upper Middle West.
REVIEWS
... brings to life the story of the men who sacrificed so much... Herdegen is able to weave all of the letters and personal accounts into a seamless that is hard to put down. ...a great tribute to the men who served in one of the most famous units in the Civil War.
Collected Miscellany, 1/2009
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2008, 2010 by Lance J. Herdegen
maps 2008 Bradley Gottfried
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.
Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-1-932714-83-8
eISBN 9781611210385
05 04 03 02 01 5 4 3 2 1
First paperback edition, first printing
Published by
Savas Beatie LLC
521 Fifth Avenue, Suite 1700
New York, NY 10175
Editorial Offices:
Savas Beatie LLC
P.O. Box 4527
El Dorado Hills, CA 95762
Phone: 916-941-6896
(E-mail) sales@savasbeatie.com
Savas Beatie titles are available at special discounts for bulk purchases in the United States by corporations, institutions, and other organizations. For more details, please contact Special Sales, P.O. Box 4527, El Dorado Hills, CA 95762, or you may e-mail us at sales@savasbeatie.com, or visit our website at www.savasbeatie.com for additional information.
For Shirley Ann,
Bonnie, Lisa, Jill, Jennifer and Nicole
There are them damned black hatted fellows again.
Taint no militia its the Army of the Potomac!
James J. Archers Confederates on McPherson Ridge, July 1, 1863
O, I pitched in with them Wisconsin fellers. They fit
terriblythe Rebs couldnt make
any thing of them fellers.
Citizen John Burns of Gettysburg
Where has the firmness of the Iron Brigade
at Gettysburg been surpassed in history?
Rufus Dawes, 6th Wisconsin Infantry
Alan Nolans 1961 classic The Iron Brigade plowed the fertile ground of this remarkable Western organization, opening the door for others to step through. Lance Herdegen answered the call admirably. Numerous accounts of the battle of Gettysburg have been written, but seldom if ever has one described in such detail the personal side of the common soldier.
Those Damned Black Hats! The Iron Brigade in the Gettysburg Campaign describes the brigades monumental days at Gettysburg in a unique way. Lance takes the reader back in time to the unassuming beginnings of many of the men who fought so courageously in this battle, marching each up to his moment of fate. He masterfully blends battles and social history in a way few others have even attempted. He introduces these soldiers as the real men they were, exploring their lives, their families, and on occasion even their lovesall as a prelude to what nearly all of them believed were the defining hours of their lives.
Now, finally, nearly five decades after Mr. Nolan introduced the reading public to the Iron Brigade of the West, we are able to identify with these men in a way that was previously impossible. The fact that the majority of these Iron Brigade men were simply hardworking individuals called upon to defend their country and protect our rights as citizens will forever be remembered and appreciated because of Lances efforts to memorialize their deeds.
Therefore, it is with tremendous pride and honor that on behalf of my ancestors and others who fought so bravely at Gettysburg and other fields, that I fully endorse this incredible and poignant book.
Steve Victor
July 2008
Great-Great-Great Grandson of Colonel William Wallace Robinson
Great-Great Grandson of Colonel Hollon Richardson
7th Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry
The men of the Iron Brigade of the West, famous for their black felt hats and Western origins, marched confidently to Gettysburg in 1863. The key role they played in the Union victory of July 1-3 earned them a distinguished place in American military history. Their legacy came at a high price. The bloody fighting, especially on the morning of July 1, nearly destroyed the 2nd, 6th, 7th Wisconsin, 19th Indiana, and 24th Michigan. The regiments fought on in 1864 and 1865, but were never again a major force on any battlefield.
The Iron Brigade is probably more celebrated today than it was a century and a half ago. The fighting organization was largely overlooked in public acclaim in the years immediately after the Civil War, an unfortunate circumstance due more to distance than deliberate slight. The Wisconsin, Indiana, and Michigan men were far removed from the major veteran reunions and old soldier campfires in Eastern cities. Attention centered on such fighting organizations as the Irish Brigade, Jersey Brigade, Vermont Brigade, and New Yorks Excelsior Brigade. It was not until 1890 that Rufus Dawes published his Service with the Sixth Wisconsin Volunteers . O. B. Curtis added his history of the Twenty-fourth Michigan the following year, and veterans Philip Cheek and Mair Pointon told their story of Company A of the 6th Wisconsin in 1909. Other lesser works by the Iron Brigade veterans received little attention outside of Wisconsin, Indiana, and Michigan.
Bruce Catton first brought the Black Hats to popular attention just before the Civil War centennial when he wrote extensively about the Iron Brigade in his popular Mr. Lincolns Army and Glory Road . The brigades compelling story and rich historical record made it a popular subject for modern writers. In 1961, Alan T. Nolans powerful and authoritative The Iron Brigade expanded the outfits reputation and solidified its place in the eyes of the public. Almost all of the accounts of Gettysburg in the 150 years since the battle (and even one recent movie) single out the Iron Brigade and called attention to the fabled black hats worn by its soldiers. As the years slid past other books appeared offering detailed and rather narrow accounts of the fighting, including my own (with William J.K. Beaudot) entitled In the Bloody Railroad Cut at Gettysburg (1990).
I never really gave much thought of going back to the Pennsylvania fighting since finishing that book two decades ago on the 6th Wisconsins famous charge on the unfinished railroad cut on July 1, 1863. Much like the veterans who fought there, however, Gettysburg continued to haunt me. Every week and every month and every year, new information on the Iron Brigade at Gettysburg surfaced. Copies of letters, faded newspaper clippings, diaries, journals, and carefully preserved old photographs of the soldiers in big hats were sent to me by kinsmen and distant relatives of the men who fought there. They came not only from my native Wisconsin, but Michigan, Indiana, and other more distant states. The written accounts of Sergeant James P. Sullivan of the 6th Wisconsin and the journals of Private William Ray of the 7th Wisconsin made their way into print. Elsewhere, other authors published additional Iron Brigade material.
In this flurry of publication, however, a book-length treatment of the compelling story of the Iron Brigade of the West during the Gettysburg Campaign was somehow overlooked. Although many who read Civil War literature believed the story of the Black Hats in Pennsylvania had been covered, in fact only a very small slice of their remarkable service had been studied. Much of their story remained untold. Charles Foster, a good friend and Civil War scholar in his own right, was aware of the new material I had been gathering over the years. He admonished me to go forward: If you dont write of the Iron Brigade at Gettysburg, so many of the men who fought there will be forgotten. He was right, of course.
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