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Lincoln Paine - The Sea and Civilization: A Maritime History of the World

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Lincoln Paine The Sea and Civilization: A Maritime History of the World
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A monumental retelling of world history through the lens of maritime enterprise, revealing in breathtaking depth how people first came into contact with one another by ocean and river, lake and stream, and how goods, languages, religions, and entire cultures spread across and along the worlds waterways, bringing together civilizations and defining what makes us most human.
Lincoln Paine takes us back to the origins of long-distance migration by sea with our ancestors first forays from Africa and Eurasia to Australia and the Americas. He demonstrates the critical role of maritime trade to the civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Indus Valley. He reacquaints us with the great seafaring cultures of antiquity like those of the Phoenicians and Greeks, as well as those of India and Southeast and East Asia, who parlayed their navigational skills, shipbuilding techniques, and commercial acumen to establish thriving overseas colonies and trade routes in the centuries leading up to the age of European expansion. And finally, his narrative traces how commercial shipping and naval warfare brought about the enormous demographic, cultural, and political changes that have globalized the world throughout the postCold War era.
This tremendously readable intellectual adventure shows us the world in a new light, in which the sea reigns supreme. We find out how a once-enslaved East African king brought Islam to his people, what the American sail-around territories were, and what the Song Dynasty did with twenty-wheel, human-powered paddleboats with twenty paddle wheels and up to three hundred crew. Above all, Paine makes clear how the rise and fall of civilizations can be linked to the sea. An accomplishment of both great sweep and illuminating detail, The Sea and Civilization is a stunning work of history.

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THIS IS A BORZOI BOOK PUBLISHED BY ALFRED A KNOPF Copyright 2013 by Lincoln - photo 1

THIS IS A BORZOI BOOK
PUBLISHED BY ALFRED A. KNOPF

Copyright 2013 by Lincoln Paine

All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf, a division of Random House LLC, New York, and in Canada by Random House of Canada Limited, Toronto, Penguin Random House Companies.

www.aaknopf.com

Knopf, Borzoi Books, and the colophon are registered trademarks of Random House LLC

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Paine, Lincoln P.
The sea and civilization : a maritime history of the world / by Lincoln Paine. First Edition.
pages cm
ISBN 978-1-4000-4409-2 (hardback)
1. Ocean and civilization. 2. Naval history. 3. Naval art and scienceHistory. 4. NavigationHistory. 5. Sea-powerHistory. I. Title.
CB465.P342013
910.45dc23
2013015436

eBook ISBN: 978-0-307-96225-6

Jacket image: Official Visit of Franz Joseph and Empress Elisabeth of Austria, Arriving at Miramare Castle in Trieste, De Agostini
Picture Library / G. Dagli Orti / The Bridgeman Art Library
Cover design by Jason Booher

v3.1

FOR ALLISON

Now one day, as I was sitting with Abu Ali bin Hazim and looking at the seawe were on the shore at Adansaid he to me: What is it with which you seem to me to be so preoccupied?

Said I: God support the Shaykh! My mind is perplexed concerning the sea, so great is the number of conflicting accounts of it. The Shaykh now is the most knowledgeable of men about it, because he is chief of the merchants, and his ships are continually traveling to the furthermost parts of it. Should he be willing to give me a description of it I can rely on, and relieve me of doubt about it, perhaps he will do so.

Said he: You have encountered an expert in the matter! He smoothed the sand with the palm of his hand and drew a figure of the sea on it.

al-Muqaddasi, The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the World (375 AH / 985 CE )

Contents


List of Illustrations

Insert
Maps

Oceania Click to see a larger image Pre-Columbian South America and the - photo 2

Oceania

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Pre-Columbian South America and the Caribbean Click to see a larger image - photo 3

Pre-Columbian South America and the Caribbean

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Pre-Columbian North and Central America The shaded area indicates the range - photo 4

Pre-Columbian North and Central America

The shaded area indicates the range of the paper birch (Betula papyrifera), or canoe birch, and thus of the birchbark canoe.

Click to see a larger image.

Ancient Egypt Click to see a larger image From Mesopotamia to the Indus - photo 5

Ancient Egypt

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From Mesopotamia to the Indus Valley Click to see a larger image The - photo 6

From Mesopotamia to the Indus Valley

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The Bronze Age Near East Click to see a larger image The Classical - photo 7

The Bronze Age Near East

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The Classical Mediterranean Click to see a larger image The Muslim Indian - photo 8

The Classical Mediterranean

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The Muslim Indian Ocean Click to see a larger image East and Southeast - photo 9

The Muslim Indian Ocean

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East and Southeast Asia Click to see a larger image The Medieval - photo 10

East and Southeast Asia

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The Medieval Mediterranean Click to see a larger image Europe Through the - photo 11

The Medieval Mediterranean

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Europe Through the Viking Age Click to see a larger image Late Medieval - photo 12

Europe Through the Viking Age

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Late Medieval Europe Click to see a larger image The Monsoon Seas Click - photo 13

Late Medieval Europe

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The Monsoon Seas Click to see a larger image Asia and the Pacific in the - photo 14

The Monsoon Seas

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Asia and the Pacific in the Early Modern Period Click to see a larger image - photo 15

Asia and the Pacific in the Early Modern Period

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The Atlantic World Click to see a larger image Early Modern Europe Click - photo 16

The Atlantic World

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Early Modern Europe Click to see a larger image Asia and the Pacific at - photo 17

Early Modern Europe

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Asia and the Pacific at the Turn of the Millennium Click to see a larger - photo 18

Asia and the Pacific at the Turn of the Millennium

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Acknowledgments

No one can write a world history without support and advice from a diverse crew of colleagues, friends, and relatives. Foremost among my creditors is John Wright, friend, colleague, horseplayer, opera buff(a), and literary agent, without whom this book would have remained nothing more than an interesting idea. Once this project was launched, he kept at the pumps to make sure itand Istayed afloat. He has my deepest thanks.

Many people generously made time in their own schedules to read and comment on large portions of the manuscript at various stages in its development: Al Andrea of the World History Association; my doctoral advisors, Leonard Bluss and Femme Gaastra, Leiden University; Kelly Chavez, at the University of Tulsa; Martina Duncan, of the Southern Maine Community College; the peripatetic Felipe Fernndez-Armesto, now of the University of Notre Dame; John Hattendorf, Naval War College; Joshua Smith, United States Merchant Marine Academy; and Jim Terry, Stephens College.

Others who have offered advice on individual chapters or sections include Nick Burningham; Arthur Donovan, United States Merchant Marine Academy; Matthew Edney, Osher Map Library, University of Southern Maine; David Kalivas and his fellow editors of and subscribers to H-World; Kris Lane, Tulane University; the late Ken McPherson; Nathan Lipfert, Maine Maritime Museum; John C. Perry, Tufts University; Louis Sicking, Leiden University; Tom Vosmer; Lodewijk Wagenaar, Amsterdam Museum; Cheryl Ward, Coastal Carolina University; and the subscribers to MARHST-L, among many others.

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