Stephan Talty - Empire of Blue Water: Captain Morgans Great Pirate Army, the Epic Battle for the Americas, and the Catastrophe That Ended the Oulaws Bloody Reign

Acknowledgments

Id like to thank my researcher in Seville, Yolanda Morillo, who searched through miles of documents to find the relevant papers. Her sister, Maria, helped enormously in coordinating the Spanish research. My translators, Ana Triaureau and M. Isabel Amarante, turned seventeenth-century Castilian longhand into legible English, for which Im grateful. Fact-checker Miriam Intrator combed the manuscript with her sharp eye for historical detail. Ken Kinker read the manuscript and offered valuable comments. Id also like to thank the staff at the British Library in London and the Public Record Office for their assistance in tracking down Morgan-related papers. Professor George R. Clark of Kansas State University graciously provided me with his research on the Port Royal earthquake.

My agent, Scott Waxman, helped focus my original idea and found the right home for the book. Farley Chase carried the manuscript to foreign shores and placed it with sympathetic editors abroad. And my editor at Crown, Rick Horgan, sharpened the original narrative and undoubtedly made Empire a better book.

My lovely wife, Mariekarl, was an inexhaustible source of humor and love when they were needed most. And finally, my son, Asher, born during the revisions, did nothing at all, except arrive safely.

Glossary

Ambuscade: An ambush launched from a concealed fortification.

Arquebus: A heavy, notoriously inaccurate matchlock gun that first came into use during the fifteenth century. Also spelled harquebus.

Ball: A bullet.

Boucan: The tangy smoked meat produced and traded by the buccaneers of Hispaniola.

Buccaneer: A pirate, especially one who operated against Spanish shipping and settlements in the West Indies during the seventeenth century.

Castellan: The military officer in charge of a castle or fort.

Colors: A flag.

Commission: Also known as a letter of marque, this was a document authorizing a private citizen to wage war on a nations enemy.

Corsaro: A pirate.

Doubloon: A gold coin used in Spain and Spanish America.

Galleon: A large three-or four-masted sailing ship used from the fifteenth to seventeenth centuries, especially by Spain, as a war and treasure ship.

Grandee: The highest-ranking noble in the Spanish hierarchy.

Hispaniola: The Caribbean island now divided between Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

Logwood: A spiny tropical American tree whose heartwood was used to make a purplish red dye.

Low Countries: A region in northwestern Europe consisting of Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.

Maroon: A fugitive black slave in the West Indies during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; also, the descendant of such a slave.

Matelot: Literally, bedmate, but most often used to mean companion, or friend. Used by the early buccaneers to describe the man they paired up with in the jungles of Hispaniola.

Mestizo: A person of mixed race, especially of mixed Native American and European ancestry.

New Spain: Present-day Mexico.

New World: The lands of the Western Hemisphere.

North Sea: The present-day Caribbean Sea.

Piece of eight: A common Spanish silver coin used widely in the New World. Also known as a peso or a cob.

Purchase: All monies and goods obtained during a raid. The commonly used phrase no purchase, no pay meant that the buccaneers would depend solely on the booty they recovered on an expedition for their pay.

Roundshot: A cannonball.

South Sea: The present-day Pacific Ocean.

Spanish Main: The Spanish-held mainland of North and South America.

United Provinces: The present-day Netherlands.

Woolding: A commonly used form of torture in which a knotted cord was tied around a victims head and then twisted with a stick until the eyes popped out.

General Bibliography

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Black, Clinton. Port Royal: A History and Guide. Bolivar Press, Kingston, Jamaica, 1970.

Bradley, Peter. The Lure of Peru: Maritime Intrusion into the South Sea, 15981701. Macmillan, Hampshire, U.K., 1989.

Bridenbaugh, Carl and Roberta. No Peace Beyond the Line: The English in the Caribbean, 16241690. Oxford University Press, New York, 1972.

Carr, Raymond, editor. Spain: A History. Oxford University Press, New York, 2000.

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. Under the Black Flag: The Romance and Reality of Life Among the Pirates. Harvest Books, San Diego, 1997.

Cruikshank, Brigadier General E. A. The Life of Sir Henry Morgan. Macmillan, Toronto, 1935.

de Madariaga, Salvador. The Fall of the Spanish American Empire. Collier, New York, 1963.

Earle, Peter. A City Full of People: Men and Women of London 16501750. Methuen, London, 1994.

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Fraser, Antonia. Cromwell, the Lord Protector. Knopf, New York, 1973.

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Gohau, Gabriel. History of Geology. Rutgers University Press, 1991.

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Honigsbaum, Mark. The Fever Trail: In Search of the Cure for Malaria. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 2002.

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Jenkins, Geraint. The Foundations of Modern Wales, 16421780. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1987.

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Johnson, Charles. The History of the Lives and Bloody Exploits of the Most Noted Pirates, Their Trials and Executions. The Lyons Press, Guilford, U.K., 2004.

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. Spain in the Later 17th Century, 16651700. Longman, London and New York, 1980.

Kietzman, Mary Jo. The Self-Fashioning of an Early Modern Englishwoman: Mary Carletons Lives. Ashgate, Burlington, U.K., 2004.

Lane, Kris E. Pillaging the Empire: Piracy in the Americas, 15001750. Sharpe, Armonk, N.Y., 1998.

Langdon-Davies, John. Carlos the Bewitched: The Last Spanish Hapsburg, 16611700. Jonathan Cape, London, 1962.

Marx, Jennifer. Pirates and Privateers of the Caribbean.