Vicki L. Ruiz - Cannery Women, Cannery Lives: Mexican Women, Unionization, and the California Food Processing Industry, 1930-1950
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Cannery Women, Cannery Lives: Mexican Women, Unionization, and the California Food Processing Industry, 1930-1950
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Women have been the mainstay of the grueling, seasonal canning industry for over a century. This book is their collective biography?a history of their family and work lives, and of their union. Out of the labor militancy of the 1930s emerged the United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing, and Allied Workers of America (UCAPAWA). Quickly it became the seventh largest CIO affiliate and a rare success story of women in unions.Thousands of Mexican and Mexican-American women working in canneries in southern California established effective, democratic trade union locals run by local members. These rank-and-file activists skillfully managed union affairs, including negotiating such benefits as maternity leave, company-provided day care, and paid vacations?in some cases better benefits than they enjoy today. But by 1951, UCAPAWA lay in ruins?a victim of red baiting in the McCarthy era and of brutal takeover tactics by the International Brotherhood of Teamsters.
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Cannery Women, Cannery Lives : Mexican Women, Unionization, and the California Food Processing Industry, 1930-1950
author
:
Ruz, Vicki.
publisher
:
University of New Mexico
isbn10 | asin
:
0826309887
print isbn13
:
9780826309884
ebook isbn13
:
9780585202808
language
:
English
subject
United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing, and Allied Workers of America--History, Women labor union members--California--History--Case studies, Mexican American women--California--History--Case studies, Women cannery workers--California--History--Case studie
publication date
:
1987
lcc
:
HD6515.F72U547 1987eb
ddc
:
331.88/1640282/09794
subject
:
United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing, and Allied Workers of America--History, Women labor union members--California--History--Case studies, Mexican American women--California--History--Case studies, Women cannery workers--California--History--Case studie
Page iii
Cannery Women Cannery Lives
Mexican Women, Unionization, and the California Food Processing Industry, 1930-1950
Vicki L. Ruiz
UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO PRESS: Albuquerque
Page iv
In memory of my grandfather, Albino Ruiz, beet worker, coal miner, Wobblie
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Ruiz, Vicki. Cannery women.
Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. United Cannery, Agricultural, Packing, and Al lied Workers of AmericaHistory. 2. Women in trade-unionsCaliforniaHistoryCase studies. 3. Mexican American womenCaliforniaHis toryCase studies. 4. Women cannery workers CaliforniaHistoryCase studies. I. Title. HD6515.F72U547 1987 331.88'1640282'09794 87-13878 ISBN 0-8263-1006-0 ISBN 0-8263-0988-7 (pbk.)
(c) 1987 by the University of New Mexico Press All rights reserved. First edition
Fifth printing, 1995
Page v
Contents
Acknowledgments
ix
Preface
xiii
1 Community and Family
3
2 The Cannery Culture
21
3 UCAPAWA and California Agriculture
41
4 A Promise Fulfilled: UCAPAWA in Southern California
69
5 Women and UCAPAWA
87
6 Death of a Dream
103
Appendixes
125
Notes
137
Bibliography
171
Index
189
Page vi
Tables
1 Distribution of Mexican Cannery Workers in California
26
2 Wage Differentials between Mexican and Russian Women Workers
31
3 Participation of Mexican Women in California UCAPAWA Locals
84-85
4 Women's Participation in UCAPAWA Locals, by Industry
89-90
5 Women's Participation in UCAPAWA Locals, by Region
90-91
6 Survey of UCAPAWA/FTA Contract Benefits for Cannery Workers, 1946
96
Page vii
Illustrations
Children in a San Bernardino Barrio
59
A young Mexican immigrant with her son in San Bernardino
60
First Communion of a Mexican American girl
61
The flapper, 1921
62
The forties
63
Women cannery workers at the California Sanitary Canning Company
64-65
Local 3 negotiating committee
66
Luisa Moreno
67
Page ix
Acknowledgments
I wish to thank the former UCAPAWA/FTA cannery workers and organizers who shared with me their memories and materials, including Lorena Ballard, Lucio Bernab, Rose Dellama, Carmen Bernal Escobar, Elizabeth Sasuly Eudey, Caroline Goldiman, Dorothy Ray Healey, Luisa Moreno, Julia Luna Mount, Mara Rodrguez, Marcella Ryan Stack, and John Tisa. I am especially grateful to John Tisa whose private files provided a rich resource and to Luisa Moreno and Carmen Bernal Escobar whose vivid recollections proved invaluable to fashioning this study. I thank Dorothy Healey and Julia Luna Mount for their encouragement and candor. My former students Carolyn Arredondo and Ellen Amato deserve praise for the two oral interviews they conducted. In addition, Sherna Berger Gluck generously allowed me to quote from several volumes of the
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