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Lorenzo Bettini - Implementing Domain Specific Languages with Xtext and Xtend

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Lorenzo Bettini Implementing Domain Specific Languages with Xtext and Xtend
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Implementing Domain Specific Languages with Xtext and Xtend: summary, description and annotation

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Learn how to implement a DSL with Xtext and Xtend using easy-to-understand examples and best practices

About This Book
  • Leverage the latest features of Xtext and Xtend to develop a domain-specific language.
  • Integrate Xtext with popular third party IDEs and get the best out of both worlds.
  • Discover how to test a DSL implementation and how to customize runtime and IDE aspects of the DSL
Who This Book Is For

This book is targeted at programmers and developers who want to create a domain-specific language with Xtext. They should have a basic familiarity with Eclipse and its functionality. Previous experience with compiler implementation can be helpful but is not necessary since this book will explain all the development stages of a DSL.

What You Will Learn
  • Write Xtext grammar for a DSL;
  • Use Xtend as an alternative to Java to write cleaner, easier-to-read, and more maintainable code;
  • Build your Xtext DSLs easily with Maven/Tycho and Gradle;
  • Write a code generator and an interpreter for a DSL;
  • Explore the Xtext scoping mechanism for symbol resolution;
  • Test most aspects of the DSL implementation with JUnit;
  • Understand best practices in DSL implementations with Xtext and Xtend;
  • Develop your Xtext DSLs using Continuous Integration mechanisms;
  • Use an Xtext editor in a web application
In Detail

Xtext is an open source Eclipse framework for implementing domain-specific languages together with IDE functionalities. It lets you implement languages really quickly; most of all, it covers all aspects of a complete language infrastructure, including the parser, code generator, interpreter, and more.

This book will enable you to implement Domain Specific Languages (DSL) efficiently, together with their IDE tooling, with Xtext and Xtend. Opening with brief coverage of Xtext features involved in DSL implementation, including integration in an IDE, the book will then introduce you to Xtend as this language will be used in all the examples throughout the book. You will then explore the typical programming development workflow with Xtext when we modify the grammar of the DSL.

Further, the Xtend programming language (a fully-featured Java-like language tightly integrated with Java) will be introduced. We then explain the main concepts of Xtext, such as validation, code generation, and customizations of runtime and UI aspects. You will have learned how to test a DSL implemented in Xtext with JUnit and will progress to advanced concepts such as type checking and scoping. You will then integrate the typical Continuous Integration systems built in to Xtext DSLs and familiarize yourself with Xbase. By the end of the book, you will manually maintain the EMF model for an Xtext DSL and will see how an Xtext DSL can also be used in IntelliJ.

Style and approach

A step-by step-tutorial with illustrative examples that will let you master using Xtext and implementing DSLs with its custom language, Xtend.

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Implementing Domain-Specific Languages with Xtext and Xtend - Second Edition

Implementing Domain-Specific Languages with Xtext and Xtend - Second Edition

Copyright 2016 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: August 2013

Second Edition: August 2016

Production reference: 1230816

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

Livery Place

35 Livery Street

Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.

ISBN 978-1-78646-496-5

www.packtpub.com

Credits

Author

Lorenzo Bettini

Reviewer

Dr. Jan Koehnlein

Commissioning Editor

Amarabha Banerjee

Acquisition Editor

Reshma Raman

Content Development Editors

Divij Kotian

Sweta Basu

Technical Editor

Rutuja Vaze

Copy Editor

Charlotte Carneiro

Project Coordinator

Sheejal Shah

Proofreader

Safis Editing

Indexer

Mariammal Chettiyar

Graphics

Disha Haria

Production Coordinator

Nilesh Mohite

Cover Work

Nilesh Mohite

Foreword

In the age of the digital transformation, every business and every company eventually needs to write software in some way. After all, "software is eating the world" and business that we all thought were mature and well developed, get disrupted by small startups that are smart enough to leverage the possibilities of software (for example, Uber, AirBnb, or Tesla). It is pretty clear that in future software development will become even more important than it is today. In order to meet the ever increasing demand of software systems, we need to find ways to enable more people to participate and contribute in software development.

Domain-Specific Languages (DSL) are a way to define powerful interfaces for domain experts to help them participating in software development process. DSLs not only help to do more with less code, but also significantly improves communication between stakeholders. Furthermore, it reduces maintenance costs greatly as it decouples technical aspects from domain aspects.

Xtext is the one-stop solution for building DSLs, and is widely used in industry and research. It not only lets you define a parser, but also provides you with a full environment, including rich IDEs and text editors to support your DSL. It is everything you need to help professionals work efficiently.

Lorenzo has written an excellent book on DSL engineering with Xtext, that is both a great reference as well as a good way to learn the most important parts of the framework. If you are a software developer that wants to add an important and powerful new weapon to your tool belt, I can only recommend reading this book and diving into the possibilities of language engineering.

Sven Efftinge

Founder of Xtext and Xtend

About the Author

Lorenzo Bettini is an associate professor in computer science at the Dipartimento di Statistica, Informatica, Applicazioni "Giuseppe Parenti," Universit di Firenze, Italy. Previously, he was a researcher in computer science at Dipartimento di Informatica, Universit di Torino, Italy. He also was a Postdoc and a contractual researcher at Dipartimento di Sistemi e Informatica, Universit di Firenze, Italy. He has a masters degree summa cum laude in computer science and a PhD in "Logics and Theoretical Computer Science." His research interests cover design, theory, and the implementation of programming languages (in particular, object-oriented languages and network-aware languages). He has been using Xtext since version 0.7. He has used Xtext and Xtend for implementing many domain-specific languages and Java-like programming languages. He also contributed to Xtext, and he recently became an Xtext committer. He is the author of the first edition of the book "Implementing Domain-Specific Languages with Xtext and Xtend", published by Packt Publishing (August 21, 2013). He is also the author of about 80 papers published in international conferences and international journals. You can contact him at http://www.lorenzobettini.it.

Acknowledgments

First of all, I would like to thank the reviewer of this book, Jan Koehnlein. His constructive criticism, extensive suggestions, and careful error reporting helped extremely in improving the book. Since this is a second edition, which contains some material from the previous edition, I am also grateful to the reviewers of the first edition, Henrik Lindberg, Pedro J. Molina, and Sebastian Zarnekow.

I'm also grateful to all the people from Packt I dealt with, Sweta Basu and Reshma Raman. I would also like to thank Divij Kotian and Rutuja Vaze for their continuous support throughout the book.

This book would not have been possible without the efforts that all the skilled Xtext developers have put in this framework. Most of them are always present in the Xtext forum and are very active in providing help to the users. Many other people not necessarily involved with Xtext development are always present in the forum and are willing to provide help and suggestions in solving typical problems about Xtext. They also regularly write on their own blogs about examples and best practices with Xtext. Many contents in this book are inspired by the material found on the forum and on such blogs. The list would be quite long, so I will only mention the ones with whom I interacted most: Christian Dietrich, Moritz Eysholdt, Dennis Huebner, Jan Koehnlein, Anton Kosyakov, Henrik Lindberg, Ed Merks, Holger Schill, Miro Spoenemann, and Karsten Thoms.

I am particularly grateful to Sebastian Zarnekow, one of the main Xtext committers. In the last few years, he has always been willing to help me to get familiar with most of the things about Xtext and Xbase internals I know today.

A very special thank you to Sven Efftinge, the project lead of Xtext, for creating such a cool and impressive framework. Not to mention the nice foreword Sven wrote for this second edition. I am also grateful to Sven for nominating me as an Xtext committer.

I am grateful to itemis Schweiz for sponsoring the writing of this book, and in particular, I am thankful to Serano Colameo.

Last but not least, a big thank you to my parents for always supporting me through all these years. A warm thank you to my Silvia, the "rainbow" of my life, for being there and for not complaining about all the spare time that this book has stolen from us.

About the Reviewer

Dr. Jan Koehnlein has earned several years of experience in the development of programming tools. That involves language design, modeling, combining textual and graphical notations, and the integration into an IDE on various platforms.

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