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Lucy Williams - Criminal Women 1850-1920: Researching the Lives of Britain’s Female Offenders

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Lucy Williams Criminal Women 1850-1920: Researching the Lives of Britain’s Female Offenders
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Women are among the hardest individuals to trace through the historical record and this is especially true of female offenders who had a vested interest in not wanting to be found. That is why this thought-provoking and accessible handbook by Lucy Williams and Barry Godfrey is of such value. It looks beyond the crimes and the newspaper reports of women criminals in the Victorian era in order to reveal the reality of their personal and penal journeys, and it provides a guide for researchers who are keen to explore this intriguing and neglected subject.
The book is split into three sections. There is an introduction outlining the historical context for the study of female crime and punishment, then a series of real-life case studies which show in a vivid way the complexity of female offenders lives and follows them through the penal system. The third section is a detailed guide to archival and online sources that readers can consult in order to explore the life-histories of criminal women.
The result is a rare combination of academic guide and how-to-do-it manual. It introduces readers to the latest research in the field and it gives them all the information they need to carry out their own research.

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CRIMINAL WOMEN 18501920 FAMILY HISTORY FROM PEN SWORD Tracing Secret Service - photo 1

CRIMINAL WOMEN 18501920

FAMILY HISTORY FROM PEN & SWORD

Tracing Secret Service Ancestors

Tracing Your Air Force Ancestors

Tracing Your Ancestors

Tracing Your Ancestors from 1066 to 1837

Tracing Your Ancestors Through

Death Records

Tracing Your Ancestors Through

Family Photographs

Tracing Your Ancestors Using the Census

Tracing Your Ancestors Childhood

Tracing Your Ancestors Parish Records

Tracing Your Aristocratic Ancestors

Tracing Your Army Ancestors 2nd Edition

Tracing Your Birmingham Ancestors

Tracing Your Black Country Ancestors

Tracing Your British Indian Ancestors

Tracing Your Canal Ancestors

Tracing Your Channel Islands Ancestors

Tracing Your Coalmining Ancestors

Tracing Your Criminal Ancestors

Tracing Your East Anglian Ancestors

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Tracing Your First World War Ancestors

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Tracing Your Railway Ancestors

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CRIMINAL WOMEN 18501920

Researching the Lives of Female Criminals in Britain and Australia

Lucy Williams and Barry Godfrey

Criminal Women 1850-1920 Researching the Lives of Britains Female Offenders - image 2

First published in Great Britain in 2018 by

Pen & Sword Family History

an imprint of

Pen & Sword Books Ltd

47 Church Street

Barnsley

South Yorkshire

S70 2AS

Copyright (c) Lucy Williams and Barry Godfrey 2018

ISBN 978 1 52671 861 7

eISBN 978 1 52671 863 1

Mobi ISBN 978 1 52671 862 4

The right of Lucy Williams and Barry Godfrey to be identified as Authors of this Work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the Publisher in writing.

Pen & Sword Books Ltd incorporates the imprints of Pen & Sword Archaeology, Atlas, Aviation, Battleground, Discovery, Family History, History, Maritime, Military, Naval, Politics, Railways, Select, Social History, Transport, True Crime, and Claymore Press, Frontline Books, Leo Cooper, Praetorian Press, Remember When, Seaforth Publishing and Wharncliffe.

For a complete list of Pen & Sword titles please contact

PEN & SWORD BOOKS LIMITED

47 Church Street, Barnsley, South Yorkshire, S70 2AS, England

E-mail:

Website: www.pen-and-sword.co.uk

Part 1
BACKGROUND
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION

R ecords of crime and disorder created by the British state between 1850 and 1925 are some of the most voluminous of all those available for the study of ordinary people in the last two centuries. However, while we might suppose that this would make the history of crime and criminals one of the easier histories to uncover, creating a criminal biography can leave us with a nasty shock. Unless you are tracing one of the handful of criminal celebrities in the nineteenth century, you may find this more difficult than you first imagine. People who broke the law usually had a vested interest in not being found. They used aliases, regularly changed addresses and werent always the most truthful when officials asked them for details information we rely on to find them and learn about their lives more than a century later. Female offenders can be amongst the hardest characters of all to find. Not only were they, like male offenders, keen to escape the eye of the authorities, but by virtue of being women, their identities were more changeable and their lives were less consistently recorded.

Family historians have long laboured to trace female relatives whose names might change at any time as they married, whose occupations were often ignored or misreported in civil records, and whose details might be left off vital household documents that were usually filled in by men. Those tracing criminal women will come across these same frustrating problems, and more besides. Female offenders might use professional aliases, or change their names on marriage, just like our other female ancestors, but they were also more likely than other groups of women to adopt new surnames at will, for example when in a long-term but not legally recognised relationship. Women might do this multiple times over the course of their adult lives. Criminal women might also be more likely than their stable peers to have illegitimate children, whose births were never registered, and fathers never publicly acknowledged. From their early lives, women who ended up in the court dock may have regularly moved addresses, been passed around family members or been in and out of institutions around the country, leaving researchers scratching their heads in the attempt to piece together a credible journey.

Moreover, the dysfunctional lives that led many women into prisons, reformatories, transportation ships, lock hospitals and inebriates homes also meant that the women we are looking for did not always have the clearest sense of their own details and histories. The women we find in these institutions might never have known the exact date and year of their birth, or may have had little cause to remember it in their adult lives. As such they might regularly misreport their age or place of birth by accident, giving changeable and conflicting estimates as they went through life. There were of course also those women who were intentionally vague about their details to census enumerators, courts and police officers in the hope of avoiding apprehension, identification, conviction or simply out of a sense of fun or mischief.

We are therefore often left in the position of tracing women who not only did not want to be found, and who, through little fault of their own, leave us with conflicting information about where and when they were born, how they made a living, or where we might find them. These women probably never anticipated that over a hundred years later we would be looking for them, eager to tell stories about their lives.

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