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Armstrong Subero - Programming PIC Microcontrollers with XC8

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Armstrong Subero Programming PIC Microcontrollers with XC8
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Programming PIC Microcontrollers with XC8: summary, description and annotation

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Learn how to use microcontrollers without all the frills and math. This book uses a practical approach to show you how to develop embedded systems with 8 bit PIC microcontrollers using the XC8 compiler. Its your complete guide to understanding modern PIC microcontrollers.

Are you tired of copying and pasting code into your embedded projects? Do you want to write your own code from scratch for microcontrollers and understand what your code is doing? Do you want to move beyond the Arduino? Then Programming PIC Microcontrollers with XC8 is for you! Written for those who want more than an Arduino, but less than the more complex microcontrollers on the market, PIC microcontrollers are the next logical step in your journey.

Youll also see the advantage that MPLAB X offers by running on Windows, MAC and Linux environments. You dont need to be a command line expert to work with PIC microcontrollers, so you can focus less on setting up your environment and more on your application.

What Youll Learn

  • Set up the MPLAB X and XC8 compilers for microcontroller development

  • Use GPIO and PPS

  • Review EUSART and Software UART communications

  • Use the eXtreme Low Power (XLP) options of PIC microcontrollers

  • Explore wireless communications with WiFi and Bluetooth

Who This Book Is For

Those with some basic electronic device and some electronic equipment and knowledge. This book assumes knowledge of the C programming language and basic knowledge of digital electronics though a basic overview is given for both. A complete newcomer can follow along, but this book is heavy on code, schematics and images and focuses less on the theoretical aspects of using microcontrollers. This book is also targeted to students wanting a practical overview of microcontrollers outside of the classroom.

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Armstrong Subero 2018
Armstrong Subero Programming PIC Microcontrollers with XC8
1. Preparing for Development
Armstrong Subero 1
(1)
Moruga, Trinidad and Tobago
It would be nice to be able to jump right into building projects and using our microcontroller. However, before we do so, we need to properly set up our environment for working. This chapter is catered to people who have used microcontroller platforms such as Arduino, PICAXE, or Basic Stamp-based platforms and want to build barebones microcontroller systems. Beginners should have no trouble following along though. If you have experience breadboarding circuits or using ICSP tools or have previously used PIC microcontrollers, you may skip this chapter. However, I strongly recommend that you read this chapter, as it provides a lot of insight as to what you need as well as getting everything prepared.
Gathering Your Hardware
This is the first chapter on your journey to embedded systems design with PIC microcontrollers and XC8. The first thing we will do is gather the necessary components you will need to follow along with this book. Long gone are the days where a couple thousands of dollars would be needed to begin microcontroller development. For relatively little money, you can experiment with microcontroller development. This is especially true of PIC microcontrollers, where for a few pennies, you can purchase one of these ubiquitous beasts.
People familiar with programming place emphasis on writing programs, while people with a background in electronics place emphasis on building the circuits for the controllers. I have found that both are equally important and, as you follow along with this book, remember that not everything can be solved using software. If you correctly learn how the hardware operates, you could potentially write very little code that combines hardware in unique ways to get the desired result.
Lets jump into it and look at the things you will need.
Microcontroller
Although the book generally assumes that you have some experience with microcontrollers, this section reviews the basic microcontroller technology. Read this section thoroughly if youre a first-time user of microcontrollers. The information you learn in this section will not only be applicable to PIC microcontrollers, but also to other microcontrollers you may use.
General-purpose computers such as the smartphones, tablets, laptops, and desktops are designed to perform a variety of tasks. A laptop or tablet can be used to read books, watch movies, and even write programs and web applications. This is because they were designed for that purpose, thanks to the integration of the microprocessors into these units that allow them to perform these many different tasks.
The microprocessor, however, is not an island. It is dependent on supporting circuitry in order to work properly. These include RAM chips, SSD, and other peripherals. While it is revolutionary, the strength of the microprocessor is also its shortcoming. Although it can perform general tasks, it may not be the best solution for performing a single task.
Lets take the example of an electric toothbrush. If we want to design a basic electric toothbrush, then some basic considerations must go into its function. The toothbrush must turn on a motor when the user pushes a button and alert the user if they have been brushing their teeth too long. In such an instance, a minimum of processing power is needed to adequately perform this task. Yes, it is possible to program a board that contains a 4GHz 64-bit processor with 16GB of RAM running the latest OS to do this task, but that would be akin to using a lawnmower to shave your legs. It would be better for many reasons to use a microcontroller.
So what exactly is a microcontroller? A microcontroller is a self-contained unit that has a microprocessor with RAM, ROM, I/O, and a host of other peripherals onboard. Thus a microcontroller contains all the processing power necessary to perform the specific task at hand and that task alone. Back to the toothbrush example, it would be more feasible to use a 4-bit microcontroller with a few bytes of RAM and ROM to check the switch, turn on the motor, keep track of how long the user has been brushing, and sound an alarm if that time exceeds some preset value.
Microcontrollers are used for applications that have specific requirements such as low-cost, low-power consumption and systems that require real-time performance. It is thanks to these features that a world where computers are becoming increasingly ubiquitous is now possible.
At the time of writing, there are 4-, 8-, 16-, and 32-bit microcontrollers. Anyone looking to start a new design should realistically choose an 8-bit or a 32-bit microcontroller. Large volume, low-cost, and lowest power consumption 8-bit devices generally tend to have an edge. Whereas for higher performance applications, 32-bit devices are the obvious choice. It is very important that you do not get attached to one particular microcontroller. There are people who insist that they can do anything with 8-bits, whereas others only use 32-bit parts. You must realize that microcontrollers are simply tools applied to the particular task, so it stands to reason that some tasks are better suited to 8-bit microcontrollers and others to 32-bit ones.
The microcontroller we use in this book is the 8-bit PIC16F1717 (see Figure ). The PIC microcontroller was chosen because it has a relatively simple architecture. Once you understand 8-bit PIC microcontrollers, its easy to understand more complex micros. I chose this particular PIC microcontroller because it is a modern device and has a lot of onboard peripherals. It also has a relatively large amount of RAM and program memory and, most importantly, a lot of onboard peripherals. There are members of its family with the same features that have a smaller pin count.
Figure 1-1 PIC16F1717 in DIP package A benefit of this particular - photo 1
Figure 1-1
PIC16F1717 in DIP package
A benefit of this particular microcontroller is that, in addition to being modern, it is produced in a DIP package, which makes it very easy for prototyping on a breadboard. Therefore, you use it to test your design and use an SMD version in the final version of your product.
Programmer
A microcontroller is a blank slate without a program. Microcontrollers and other stored program devices rely on a programmer to load the program to the chip. I have found that using a microchip makes it easiest to understand how to program devices. Many device vendors have extremely expensive tools that are hard to find, even on their own web site! In order to program PIC microcontrollers, you need a PICkit 3 or an MPLAB ICD 3.
I personally have used both and highly recommend that you buy an ICD 3. The reason is that the ICD 3 is much faster and saves you a lot of time in programming and debugging, especially if you plan on moving up to the larger devices. However, you should only buy the ICD 3 if you are certain that you will be working with PIC microcontrollers for a long time, as at the time of writing, it costs over $200. The PICkit 3 may be used if you are evaluating the PIC microcontroller series, as it is available for $50.00. Generally, get the PICkit 3 if you are evaluating PIC microcontrollers and the ICD 3 if you intend to work with these devices for a while.
Figure shows the ICD 3 .
Figure 1-2 PICkit 3 Figure 1-3 ICD 3 The ICD 3 uses an RJ-11 type - photo 2
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