Carl A. Brasseaux - Creoles of Color in the Bayou Country

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title	:	Creoles of Color in the Bayou Country
author	:	Brasseaux, Carl A.; Fontenot, Keith P.; Oubre, Claude F.
publisher	:	University Press of Mississippi
isbn10 | asin	:	0878059490
print isbn13	:	9780878059492
ebook isbn13	:	9780585309026
language	:	English
subject	Creoles--Louisiana--History, Creoles--Louisiana--Genealogy.
publication date	:	1996
lcc	:	F380.C87B73 1996eb
ddc	:	976.3/00444
subject	:	Creoles--Louisiana--History, Creoles--Louisiana--Genealogy.

Page iii Creoles of Color in the Bayou Country Carl A. Brasseaux, Keith P. Fontenot, and Claude F. Oubre Foreword by Clifton Carmon

Page iv Copyright 1994 by the University Press of Mississippi All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America 97 96 95 94 4 3 2 I First paperback printing 1996 The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Brasseaux, Carl A. Creoles of color in the Bayou country/Carl A. Brasseaux, Keith P. Fontenot, and Claude F. Oubre; foreword by Clifton Carmon. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. 155) and index. ISBN 0-87805-714-5ISBN 0-87805-949-0 1. CreolesLouisianaHistory. 2. CreolesLouisianaGenealogy. I. Fontenot, Keith P. II. Oubre, Claude F., 1936 III. Title. F380.C87B73 1994 976.3'00444dc20 94-20383 CIP British Library Cataloging-in-Publication data available

Page v Contents Illustrations vii Foreword by Clifton Carmon ix Preface xi Chapter 1 Origins and Early Development 3 Chapter 2 Roots, Trunks, and Branches 14 Chapter 3 Antebellum Economic, Social, and Legal Realities 40 Chapter 4 Class and Cultural Orientation 68 Chapter 5 Vigilantes, Jayhawkers, and Postbellum Hard Times 81 Chapter 6 Conclusion 104 Appendix A: Civil Suits Involving Creoles of Color, Clerk of Court's Office, St. Landry Parish Courthouse 127 Appendix B: Transactions Involving Creoles of Color Conveyance Books, Clerk of Court's Office, St. Landry Parish Courthouse 134 Bibliography 155 Index 163

Page vii Illustrations Counties of the Territory of Orleans, 1805 4 Parishes of the Territory of Orleans 5 Free Black Landholdings in the Swords Area of St. Landry Parish, Early Nineteenth Century 16 Early Antebellum Free Black Landholdings in the Prairie Laurent/ Leonville Area 17 Landholdings of Free Persons of Color, Opelousas Area, Early Nineteenth Century 18 Land Claims of Free Persons of Color near Washington, Louisiana 21 Land Claim of Marie Jeanne Lemelle along Bayou Courtableau 22 Free Black Properties in the Frilot Cove Area 27 Free Person of Color/Creole of Color Properties, Opelousas, 1837-1871, by Keith P. Fontenot 57 Principal Creole of Color Settlements in the Prairie Region, ca. 1870 96 Louisiana in 1912 111

Page ix Foreword The history of the Creoles of Color in the prairie regions of Louisiana dates back to the early settlement of the area. Their story is deeply intertwined with the story of the growth and development of an important farming and cattle-raising area of Louisiana. CreolesofColorintheBayouCountry is the first serious attempt to look at the history of the Creoles of Color in these regions. The authors have chronicled well a sometimes troubled but always fascinating history of a proud and calculating people. They have delved extensively into primary records and have found a people intricately involved in the economic activities of the area. From the earliest days of settlement and establishment in the prairie regions, the Creoles of Color, it seems, were in the business of seeking prosperity. In this endeavor, certainly, they received a greater degree of help than other free blacks. They were then, as so many are today, concerned about what others in society thought of them. Consequently, they were a people driven constantly to succeed, a value that was not lost on their progeny. In a three-tier societywhite, free people of color, and slavesmany struggled, but they demonstrated much persistence in their attempt to be an integral part of the community.

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