Adams - SQL: The Ultimate Guide From Beginner To Expert - Learn And Master SQL In No Time! (2017 Edition)

SQL The Ultimate Guide From Beginner To Expert Learn And Master SQL In No Time! By: Peter Adams
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Introduction Chapter 1: SQL Basics Chapter 2: SQL and Data Chapter 3: Data Functions (Aggregate, Rowset, and Ranking) Chapter 4: Scalar Functions Chapter 5: Basics of Building a Table Using SQL Chapter 6: Recommendations Conclusion Works Cited
Introduction Congratulations on making it to the summary of the most interesting, knowledge filled, all-encompassing book on SQL available today. Not only will this book amaze you with the amount of knowledge and reference it provides, it will also guide you through the process of learning the language, functions, and statements involved in the process.

This ultimate guide to SQL will take you from beginner status to expert level by the time you reach the conclusion.
Chapter 1: SQL Basics SQL is something not known by a lot of people. Simply put, SQL is a standardized language used for accessing databases. You may be asking, what does the abbreviation SQL stand for? SQL is the abbreviation for Structured Query Language and is used to help you access databases, manipulate them, and is actually a required standard for the American National Standards Institute. SQL was historically, at one point, the most widely used database language. Contrary to the standards and regulations, adjustments still need to be made to the SQL language in order for it to translate and be accessible in different databases.

SQL has the capabilities to execute queries against a database, retrieve data, insert, update, and delete records. With SQL you can also create new databases, tables, stored procedures, and views while also setting permissions on tables, procedures, and views. As stated previously, SQL is a standard language but it has several different versions. Although these versions deviate slightly from each other, there remains a solid, consistent standard on major commands such as SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, DELETE, and WHERE. In order to use SQL in your website, you need the four following things:

• An RDBMS database program (i.e. MS Access, SQL Server, MySQL)
• To use a server-side scripting language, like PHP or ASP
• To use SQL to get the data you want
• To use HTML / CSS

As far as commands go, some of the most important commands in the SQL language are as follows:

• SELECT - extracts data from a database

• UPDATE - updates data in a database
• DELETE - deletes data from a database
• INSERT INTO - inserts new data into a database
• CREATE DATABASE - creates a new database
• ALTER DATABASE - modifies a database
• CREATE TABLE - creates a new table
• ALTER TABLE - modifies a table
• DROP TABLE - deletes a table
• CREATE INDEX - creates an index (search key)
• DROP INDEX - deletes an index

According to a hosting website known as Who Is Hosting This, the standardization of the SQL language is divided into nine parts.

A summary of the nine parts are as follows: Part 1 ISO/IEC 9075-1:2011 SQL/Framework, which offers logical concepts. Part 2 ISO/IEC 9075-2:2011 SQL/Foundation, includes central elements SQL. Part 3 ISO/IEC 9075-3:2008 SQL/Call-Level Interface (CLI), explains interfacing components, like procedures, structures and variable bindings for executing SQL statements in various coding languages, like COBOL and C++, for example. Part 4 ISO/IEC 9075-4:2011 SQL/Persistent Stored Modules (PSM), outlines standards for procedural extensions for SQL, including condition handling and the flow of control, as well as statement condition signals and resignals, and local variables and cursors. Assigns expressions to parameters and variables addresses the maintenance of persistent database language routines, like stored procedures. Part 9 ISO/IEC 9075-9:2008 SQL/Management of External Data (MED), includes extensions to SQL to define datalink types and foreign-data wrappers that enable SQL to manage external data.

External data is accessible, but not managed by an SQL-based DBMS. Part 10 ISO/IEC 9075-10:2008 SQL/Object Language Bindings (OLB), defines the semantics and syntax of SQLJ. SQLJ is the embedding of SQL into Java. The standard specifies mechanisms for the binary portability of SQLJ applications. It also defines several Java packages along with their contained classes. Part 11 ISO/IEC 9075-11:2011 SQL/Information and Definition Schemata, specifies the Information Schema and Definition Schema, offering tools to make SQL objects and databases self-describing.

Includes the SQL object identifier, security and authorization specifications, as well as the security and integrity constraints. Supports the features and packages of ISO/IEC 9075, as well as the features provided by SQL-based DBMS implementations. Part 13 ISO/IEC 9075-13:2008 ISO/IEC 9075-13:2008: SQL Routines and Types Using the Java Programming Language (JRT), Specifies the capacity to utilize Java classes as SQL structured user-defined types, as well as invoke static Java methods as routines from within an SQL application, known as Java in the Database. Part 14 ISO/IEC 9075-14:2011 SQL/XML-Related Specifications, defines SQL-based extensions when using XML with SQL. It outlines XML data types, routines and functions. (Who Is Hosting This?, 2016) Because there are so many things you need to know with SQL, this quick reference table will give you a great guide to look back on for different statements. (Stack Overflow, 2015) These statements are some of the most popular and the SQL statement and syntax are given.

SQL Statement	Syntax
AND / OR	SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE condition AND|OR condition
ALTER TABLE	ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype or ALTER TABLE table_name DROP COLUMN column_name
AS (alias)