Florence Schaffner - Tumor Liquid Biopsies

Volume 215

Recent Results in Cancer Research

Series Editors

Peter-Michael Schlag

Charite Campus Mitte, Charite Comprehensive Cancer Center, Berlin, Germany

Hans-Jrg Senn

Tumor- und Brustzentrum ZeTuP, St. Gallen, Switzerland

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/392

Editors

Florence Schaffner , Jean-Louis Merlin and Nikolas von Bubnoff

Tumor Liquid Biopsies

Editors

Florence Schaffner

Cancrople Est, Strasbourg, France

Jean-Louis Merlin

Institut de Cancrologie de Lorraine, CNRS UMR7039 CRAN Universit de Lorraine, Vanduvre-ls-Nancy, France

Nikolas von Bubnoff

Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical Center, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lbeck, Germany

ISSN 0080-0015 e-ISSN 2197-6767

Recent Results in Cancer Research

ISBN 978-3-030-26438-3 e-ISBN 978-3-030-26439-0

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26439-0

Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

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Contents

Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC)

Tilman Todenhfer , Klaus Pantel , Arnulf Stenzl and Stefan Werner

Mert Boya , Chia-Heng Chu , Ruxiu Liu , Tevhide Ozkaya-Ahmadov and Ali Fatih Sarioglu

Michael Paul Kolinsky , Nikolas Stoecklein , Maryou Lambros , Veronica Gil , Daniel Nava Rodrigues , Suzanne Carreira , Zafeiris Zafeiriou and Johann Sebastian de Bono

Mark Kalinich , Tanya T. Kwan , Mehmet Toner , Daniel A. Haber and Shyamala Maheswaran

Kevin Keomanee-Dizon , Stephanie N. Shishido and Peter Kuhn

Francesca Chemi , Sumitra Mohan and Ged Brady

Diana H. Liang , Carolyn Hall and Anthony Lucci

Erin F. Cobain , Costanza Paoletti , Jeffrey B. Smerage and Daniel F. Hayes

Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA)

Nickolas Papadopoulos

Pauline Gilson

Florian Scherer

Florian Clatot

Alexandre Harl

Joana Vidal , Alvaro Taus and Clara Montagut

Circulating Tumor RNA, Exosomes

Gitte Brinch Andersen and Jrg Tost

Sabrina Mller , Florian Janke , Steffen Dietz and Holger Sltmann

Irina Nazarenko

Bioinformatics

Francesco Marass , Francesc Castro-Giner , Barbara Maria Szczerba , Katharina Jahn , Jack Kuipers , Nicola Aceto and Niko Beerenwinkel

The traditional model of metastatic progression postulates that the ability to form distant metastases is driven by random mutations in cells of the primary tumor. These mutations remain rare until clonally expanded and selected at secondary metastatic sites (Fidler and Kripke ).

Different studies with preclinical models have shown that EMT is a central process in the progression of solid cancers (De Craene and Berx ).

As already mentioned above, CTC characteristics of both EMT and stemness are closely related and considered to be of major importance for metastatic progression. In benign tissues, stem cells are a rare, slow-proliferating cell type with special biological characteristics. In this connection, their capabilities to self-renew and to differentiate into different type of cells are of particular importance. Generally, these features allow stem cells to eventually undergo extensive proliferation while preserving an undifferentiated, plastic cell state that helps to sustain tissue homeostasis (Clevers ). In summary, the CSC hypothesis yields important suggestions for cancer therapy and tumor diagnosis because it has implications for major clinical problems including therapy resistance and distant metastasis formation. Thus, just like for EMT traits, great attention has been paid on comprehensive analyses of CTC heterogeneity and identification of stem-like CTC subpopulations in patient-derived blood samples.

At present, various assays utilizing different methodical concepts are used for the enrichment and characterization of CTC. Many platforms are using antibodies that are recognizing epitopes of epithelial- or cancer-specific proteins. These antibodies are usually coupled to immunomagnetic beads or nanoparticles allowing CTC enrichment based on the expression of the corresponding antigens (Schilling et al. ).

In the setting of identifying CTC with mesenchymal differentiation, several proteins have been discussed and used most frequently as markers for CTC analysis. In mesenchymal cells, the vimentin protein is a major component of the cytoskeleton and acts as a molecular determinant for cellular motility. As such, it regulates cellular integrity, stabilizes interactions within the cytoskeleton, and mediates durability toward mechanical stress. In various preclinical and translational studies, it has been shown that the expression of vimentin in tumor cells is associated with the development of metastases (Hu et al. ).