Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan - Hypotensive Syndromes in Geriatric Patients

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Editors

Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan and Maciej Banach

Hypotensive Syndromes in Geriatric Patients

Editors

Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan

Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

Maciej Banach

Polish Mothers Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland

ISBN 978-3-030-30331-0 e-ISBN 978-3-030-30332-7

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30332-7

Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG

The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Disclaimer

The statements and opinions in this book are solely those of individual authors and contributors. The authors and editors have worked to ensure that all information in this book is consistent with accepted medical standards and practice at the time of publication. Medical standards can change and evolve because of new research and practice advancement. The reader is urged to check the package product insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage as well as for added warnings and precautions. However, the authors, editors and publishers are not legally responsible for errors or omissions or any consequences from application of the information in this book.

Contents

Wilbert S. Aronow

Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan and Darren Mah

Anna Kasperowicz , Maciej Banach , Marek Maciejewski and Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa

Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan

Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa , Marcin Adam Bartomiejczyk , Marek Maciejewski and Maciej Banach

Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan

Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan

Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan and Darren Mah

Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan

Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan

Paulina Gorzelak-Pabi and Marlena Broncel

Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan , Darren Mah and Ali Ahmed

Jolanta Malyszko and Adrian Covic

Mariusz Stasiolek

Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan

Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan

Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan and Kamal Masaki

Contributors

Ali Ahmed

Washington DC VA Medical Center and George Washington University and Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA

Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan

Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

Wilbert S. Aronow MD, FACC, FAHA

Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA

Maciej Banach

Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mothers Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland

Marcin Adam Bartomiejczyk

Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa

Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mothers Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland

Marlena Broncel

Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

Adrian Covic

Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine, Strada Universitii, Iasi, Romania

Paulina Gorzelak-Pabi

Department of Internal Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

Anna Kasperowicz

University Hospital, Clinical Department of Cardiology, Zielona Gora, Poland

Marek Maciejewski

Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mothers Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland

Darren Mah

University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

Jolanta Malyszko

Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Internal Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warszawa, Poland

Kamal Masaki

Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

Mariusz Stasiolek MD, PhD

Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020

K. Alagiakrishnan, M. Banach (eds.) Hypotensive Syndromes in Geriatric Patients https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30332-7_1

1. Orthostatic Hypotension

Wilbert S. Aronow

(1)

Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Westchester Medical Center and New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA

Wilbert S. Aronow

Keywords

Orthostatic hypotension Hypertension Blood pressure Hypovolemia

Introduction

Orthostatic hypotension is diagnosed if there is a reduction of 20 mm in systolic blood pressure or of 10 mm in diastolic blood pressure within 3 minutes of standing [].

Disorders associated with orthostatic hypotension include advanced age and disorders associated with hypovolemia including anemia, overdiuresis, diarrhea, vomiting, poor food and fluid intake, hemorrhage, and reduced plasma volume [].

Pathophysiology

Orthostatic hypotension may be caused by an excessive decrease in blood volume when the person assumes an upright position or from inadequate cardiovascular compensation for a reduction in cardiac preload when the person assumes an upright position [].

Orthostatic hypotension in the elderly is associated with hypertension, impaired left ventricular filling, altered sympathovagal balance, increased left ventricular wall thickness, reduced left ventricular preload, and impaired diastolic filling of the left ventricle [].

Prevalence

The prevalence of orthostatic hypotension in older persons was 8% in 476 persons [].

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