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Barbancho Ana M. - Database of Piano Chords: An Engineering View of Harmony

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Barbancho Ana M. Database of Piano Chords: An Engineering View of Harmony

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Ana M. Barbancho , Isabel Barbancho , Lorenzo J. Tardn and Emilio Molina SpringerBriefs in Electrical and Computer Engineering Database of Piano Chords 2013 An Engineering View of Harmony 10.1007/978-1-4614-7476-0_1 The Author(s) 2013
1. Introduction
Ana M. Barbancho 1, Isabel Barbancho 1, Lorenzo J. Tardn 1 and Emilio Molina 1
(1)
University of Mlaga, Mlaga, Spain
Abstract
This book describes the content and the specifications of the UMA-Piano chord database, a piano database compiled specifically for research purposes. Shared database in the field of music information processing are now becoming common and allow to compare different methods with the same test set. There exist several examples of instrument sound databases but most of them contain just single notes or include a very limited number of chords and few types of chords. The presented UMA-Piano chord database includes 275,040 chords with polyphony number ranging from 1 to 10, each of which recorded with three dynamics levels and three different playing styles. The recorded chords have musical meaning as well as different difficulty levels of detection.
1.1 Interest of the UMA-Piano Chord Database
The polyphonic transcription of piano chords is an interesting signal processing problems that can be faced in different ways []. Always, a significant number of samples is necessary to design, tune and evaluate the systems.
The databases that are commonly used are RWC-Musical Instrument Sound database []. The problem of theses databases is that they contain only individual notes of the instruments. This is not a problem in monophonic instruments like flute, violin, etc. but it is a problem for polyphonic instruments like the piano in which the transcription of polyphonic sounds is an important task.
In the annual MIREX evaluation campaign [], one of the proposed tasks is the evaluation of chord estimation schemes. From 2008, this task consists on determining for each frame, the played chord. Therefore, it is important to have a chord database with different levels of polyphony and difficulty of detection.
Also, we must be aware that the metrics are changing, in some contexts, in order to provide more musically precise and relevant evaluations as well as to encourage future research to produce more musically relevant transcriptions. These new metrics should include more detailed frame-based evaluations as several levels of chord detail (v.gr. root, triad, first extended note, second extended note) and bass note [].
In this book, a piano chord music database is presented. This database contains chords with polyphony number ranging from 2 to 10, with three dynamics levels ( Forte, Mezzo, Piano ) and three different playing styles ( Normal, Staccato, Pedal ). It also includes the individual recording of each of the 88 piano keys with the same dynamics levels and playing styles. The recorded chords cover the full range of the piano. The total number of recorded files is 275,040, so it is a large database that contains a very significant number of chords of all the types.
The large number of chords makes the UMA-Piano chord database useful for transcription systems that need a training set of data to train the systems and a test set [].
1.2 Outline
This book is divided into four chapters. In Chap.1, the importance of having a database of chords has been presented.
Chapter 2, presents the foundations of harmony which are needed to understand the basis of musical chords. This chapter starts with a brief description of how a musical note could be characterized. Next, the physical basis of scales and musical intervals, as well as the physical basis of occidental chord are presented.
In Chap.3, the content of the UMA-Piano chord database is presented in detail. Finally, Chap.4 presents the summary and a discussion of the database.
The book also includes an appendix in which the lists of the types of the recorded chords are shown including musical examples.
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