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Gray - Swift Pocket Reference

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Get quick answers for developing and debugging applications with Swift, Apples multi-paradigm programming language. Updated to cover the latest features in Swift 2.0, this pocket reference is the perfect on-the-job tool for learning Swifts modern language features, including type safety, generics, type inference, closures, tuples, automatic memory management, and support for Unicode. Designed to work with Cocoa and Cocoa Touch, Swift can be used in tandem with Objective-C, and either language can call APIs implemented in the other. Swift is still evolving, but Apple clearly sees it as the future language of choice for iOS and OS X software development. Topics include: Supported data types, such as strings, arrays, array slices, sets, and dictionaries Program flow: loops, conditional execution, and error handling Classes, structures, enumerations, and functions Protocols, extensions, and generics Memory management Closures: similar to blocks in Objective-C and lambdas in C# Optionals: values that can explicitly have no value Operators, operator overloading, and custom operators Access control: restricting access to types, methods, and properties Ranges, intervals, and strides A full list of built-in global functions and their parameter requirements.;Copyright; Table of Contents; Swift Pocket Reference; Introduction; Conventions Used in This Book; Using Code Examples; Safari Books Online; How to Contact Us; Acknowledgments; Getting Started with Swift 2; The Swift REPL; Swift as a Scripting Language; Swift Playgrounds; A Taste of Swift; Basic Language Features; Comments; Semicolons; Whitespace; Naming Conventions; Importing Code from Other Modules; Types; Specific Integer Types; Numeric Literals; Character and String Literals; Type Aliases; Nested Types; Other Types; Variables and Constants; Computed Variables; Variable Observers; Tuples.

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Swift Pocket Reference

by Anthony Gray

Copyright 2015 Anthony Gray. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America.

Published by OReilly Media, Inc. , 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.

OReilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: 800-998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com .

  • Editor: Rachel Roumeliotis
  • Production Editor: Matthew Hacker
  • Copyeditor: Bob Russell, Octal Publishing, Inc.
  • Proofreader: Jasmine Kwityn
  • Indexer: WordCo Indexing Services, Inc.
  • Interior Designer: David Futato
  • Cover Designer: Ellie Volckhausen
  • Illustrator: Rebecca Demarest
  • December 2014: First Edition
Revision History for the First Edition
  • 2014-11-26: First Release

See http://oreilly.com/catalog/errata.csp?isbn=9781491915424 for release details.

The OReilly logo is a registered trademark of OReilly Media, Inc. Swift Pocket Reference, the cover image of an African palm swift, and related trade dress are trademarks of OReilly Media, Inc.

While the publisher and the author have used good faith efforts to ensure that the information and instructions contained in this work are accurate, the publisher and the author disclaim all responsibility for errors or omissions, including without limitation responsibility for damages resulting from the use of or reliance on this work. Use of the information and instructions contained in this work is at your own risk. If any code samples or other technology this work contains or describes is subject to open source licenses or the intellectual property rights of others, it is your responsibility to ensure that your use thereof complies with such licenses and/or rights.

978-1-491-91542-4

[LSI]

Swift Pocket Reference
Introduction

Swift is an exciting new language from Apple, first announced at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) in June 2014. The language started life as the brainchild of Chris Lattner, director of Apples Developer Tools Department, and is the next step in the evolution of Apples software development ecosystem.

Swift brings with it many modern language features, including type safety, generics, type inference, closures, tuples, automatic memory management, and support for Unicode (for character and string values as well as for identifiers). You can use a mixture of Swift and Objective-C in a single project, and either language can call APIs implemented in the other.

The challenge for anyone learning (or even writing about) Swift is that the language is still evolving. Apple has stated that the language specification is not final, and the syntax and feature set will change.

Despite the uncertainty of a changing language, Swift shows great promise. It follows on from the companys other major developer tools initiatives (all led by Lattner) including LLVM, Clang, LLDB, ARC, and a series of extensions to Objective-C, and its clear that Apple sees it as the future language of choice for iOS and OS X software development.

Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:

Italic

Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions.

Constant width

Used for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program elements such as variable or function names, databases, data types, environment variables, statements, and keywords.

Constant width bold

Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user.

Constant width italic

Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values or by values determined by context.

Note

This element signifies a general note.

Using Code Examples

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, if example code is offered with this book, you may use it in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for permission unless youre reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example, writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from OReilly books does require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code from this book into your products documentation does require permission.

We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the title, author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: Swift Pocket Reference by Anthony Gray (OReilly). Copyright 2015 Anthony Gray, 978-1-491-91542-4.

If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given above, feel free to contact us at .

Safari Books Online

Safari Books Online is an on-demand digital library that delivers expert content in both book and video form from the worlds leading authors in technology and business.

Technology professionals, software developers, web designers, and business and creative professionals use Safari Books Online as their primary resource for research, problem solving, learning, and certification training.

Safari Books Online offers a range of plans and pricing for enterprise, government, education, and individuals.

Members have access to thousands of books, training videos, and prepublication manuscripts in one fully searchable database from publishers like OReilly Media, Prentice Hall Professional, Addison-Wesley Professional, Microsoft Press, Sams, Que, Peachpit Press, Focal Press, Cisco Press, John Wiley & Sons, Syngress, Morgan Kaufmann, IBM Redbooks, Packt, Adobe Press, FT Press, Apress, Manning, New Riders, McGraw-Hill, Jones & Bartlett, Course Technology, and hundreds more. For more information about Safari Books Online, please visit us online.

How to Contact Us

Please address comments and questions concerning this book to the publisher:

  • OReilly Media, Inc.
  • 1005 Gravenstein Highway North
  • Sebastopol, CA 95472
  • 800-998-9938 (in the United States or Canada)
  • 707-829-0515 (international or local)
  • 707-829-0104 (fax)

We have a web page for this book, where we list errata, examples, and any additional information. You can access this page at http://bit.ly/swift_pocket_ref.

To comment or ask technical questions about this book, send email to .

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Acknowledgments

I would like to thank Paris Buttfield-Addison for urging me (repeatedly) to write this book. He and his partner-in-crime, Jon Manning, suffer from boundless optimism and seem to regard no as a challenge rather than as a defeat. Id also like to thank Rachel Roumeliotis and the other fine folk at OReilly for having faith in me and for shepherding the project through to completion. Special thanks also go to the readers of the early release editions, who took the time to provide feedback and suggestions for improvement, for which Im deeply grateful.

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