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PART I
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF INVESTING IN STOCKS
By Peter Sander
The Art and Science of Investing in Stocks
We lost.
Yes, for the first time in eight proud runs starting with the 2010 edition of The 100 Best Stocks , we failed to send our old nemesisthe S&P 500 Indexhome empty to await for yet another shot.
Instead of the annual win to which weve grown accustomed, we ate dust. The S&P, aided by a surprising November Trump victory at the head of the 2017 stretch, caught up and then passed us at the finish line. It won by about two lengths, a 16.4 percent year-over-year gain during our April 1 to April 1 measurement year compared to a 14.2 percent gain for our 100 Best list.
We arent used to seeing that horseor very many othersin front of us.
As this opening section unfolds, well get to the details. Youll see how we lost and how much we lost by. Youll also see that we finished far from last. Our 14.2 percent year-over-year gain (including dividends) is hardly a reason to send us to the glue factory. You could say that we still finished easily in the money. Yes, it fell short of the S&Ps rather stunning 16.4 percent, but we think our horse did pretty well the past few years; moreover, it is ready to run again. And oh by the way, it should do better on the sloppy track of a down market if one should ever materialize.
Yes, if one should ever materialize. Our publisher switched horses in late 2009 to bring us on as authors of the 100 Best series for the 2010 edition. At that time, of course, there were buying opportunities galore. But no one, including us, ever thought the markets would rise without faltering for eight shows), we thought there would be at least a few down years. A few years where we could test the strength of our list against a down market; a sloppy track.
Hasnt happened. Not yet anyway. But were still betting that if such a down year happens, youll still cash your ticket if you stick with us.
***
With that, the three dominant reasons for our 2.2 percent return shortfall deserve a little explaining, so here goes:
First off, a surprisingly faster horse picked the 2017 race to come into its own. As we play a bit conservative, we avoid many of the truly glamorous legs on the S&P horse such as Facebook, Netflix, and Google. In doing so, we think were more likely to win most of the races against the S&P. Just not all of them, as this year clearly demonstrated. The so-called FANG stocks (Facebook, Amazon, Netflix, Google) were up 30 percent for 2017 (through the end of May) while the S&P 500 index in total was up only 8 percent for the same five-month period. We have only one of the four customary FANGs on the 100 Best list: Amazonalthough if you expand just a little, FANG becomes FAANG with the inclusion of Apple, and we have that one too. All that said, we may be slower than FANG but think were better positioned to win in the long run.
The unexpected Trump Bump did much to break our streak too. Say and feel what you will about the Trump administration, theres no doubt the surprise summiting of the nations presidency gave the markets a late kick for the 2016 calendar year and beyond into 2017. Upon his election the markets overall rose 16 percent in three months (as measured by the S&P 500); that rising tide should have floated our boats higher too, and indeed it did. Where we ran into a little bit of a headwind is in regards to which boats it floated.
The Trump agenda, became the number one and number two performers among the 39 mutual fund sector benchmarks as reported by Lipper.
Heres the problem. Were especially light on financial stocks. As many of you who have followed us know, we dont have a very big appetite for financial companies. Why? Because frankly we dont really understand them. They are extraordinarily complex, and their presentation of facts and figures to investors doesnt go very far to make them any easier to understand. We buy businesses we can understand.
Beyond that, we dont think financial firms, in aggregate, add much value to the economy. They make their money taking crumbs off large sums of money moved around from one place to another (a metaphor used brilliantly in Tom Wolfes 1987 observant book The Bonfire of the Vanities , a highly recommended read). Much of what they do is a zero-sum game; if they make money on a financial transaction, someone else loses. Were oversimplifying here, but when financial companies comprise some 22 percent of the nations total corporate profits as they did just prior to the 2008 meltdown, look out below. When the financials horse took off in the wake of the 2016 election, largely due to the prospects of throwing off hobbling regulation, (which is a little scary too), we ate some dust.
While we do embrace more technology stocks (e.g., Apple, Amazon, Microchip Technology, Daktronics, Fair Isaac, Qualcomm, and now First Solar), we stop short of three of the four FANG high flyers (Facebook, Netflix, Google) largely due to valuation. We also dont go for many other tech stocks because they are (1) (again) hard to understand, (2) have high prices relative to value, and (3) often have scant investor returns, especially in the dividend department. If our book were titled The 100 Best Aggressive Stocks You Can Buy as one derivative edition was titled in 2012many more of these tech names would fit. But for the main 100 Best list, we prefer to stay a bit more conservative, so as to perform well on that sloppy track when (not if) it comes to pass.
So while we picked up some of the tech tailwind for 2017, that horse left us behind as well, and the combined effects of the financial and tech stretch run contributed much to our down-the-stretch shortfall.
Finally, we were slow to pull the trigger on certain losers. Those of us who have followed our lists each year know were sometimes early to the party. We picked automated utility smart meter maker Itron for the list some six years ago (for 2013) only to watch it underperform for five of those six years; it then became our fourth best winner in 2017. Others like Corning, Timken, State Street, Quest Diagnostics, and Microchip Technology (our biggest 2017 winner) have flatlined for a year or more before fulfilling our prophecy.
The point? Sometimes were late to leave a party. The energy is gone, the lights are turning off, and the cleanup starts. Guess what were still hanging around ! Weve been known to hang around too long from time to time, waiting for certain partygoers such as IBM, HP, Ralph Lauren, and International Paper to start dancing again... but they dont! Industry shifts, marketplace shifts, Millennial shifts, organizational malaise, or who knows what get in the waybut we, as eternal optimists, hang on for one more year.
This year can serve as no better example. Among our worst performers were retailers Macys and Target, which were handily disrupted by e-commerce and the emerging stay-at-home economy (more on that to follow!); we scold ourselves for underestimating that. Theyre off the list now, after racking up losses in excess of 30 percent. Worse still were two of our drug makers, Novo Nordisk and Perrigo, which were disrupted by Trump rallying cries to repeal the Affordable Care Act and a groundswell of disdain for drug prices. We may be totally wrong, but while we think Macys and Target are strategically broken and should be removed, were keeping the two drug makers, whose setback appears to fall short of breaking these businesses permanently.