Bijal P. Trivedi - Breath from Salt

Dum spiro spero...
While I breathe, I hope.

For my mum and dad, Bhavna and Pravin Trivedi, whose love and
encouragement make all things possible.

In Latin and in modern paraphrase, ideas that survive in two ancient writers, Theocritus and Cicero.

CHAPTER 1

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Steven Jacobs, Surgeon, First to Replant Severed Limb, Dies at 70, Harvard Crimson, October 15, 2002.

CHAPTER 2

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Gentamicin was first approved for use in the United States in 1970 and remains in wide use. Gentamicin, in LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury (Bethesda, MD: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2012).

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CHAPTER 3

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B. Dowd and J. Walker-Smith, Samuel Gee, Aretaeus, and the Coeliac Affection, British Medical Journal 2, no. 5909 (April 6, 1974): 4547.

Samuel Gee, On the Coeliac Affection, Saint Bartholomews Hospital Reports 24 (1888): 1720.

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Stefano Guandalini, A Brief History of Celiac Disease, Impact: A Publication of the University of Chicago Celiac Disease Center 7, no. 3 (2007); Dorothy H. Andersen, Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas and Its Relation to Celiac Disease: A Clinical and Pathologic Study, American Journal of Diseases of Children 56, no. 2 (August 1, 1938): 34499.

Ellen S. More, Restoring the Balance: Women Physicians and the Profession of Medicine, 18501995 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), 98.

Ellen S. More and Marilyn Greer, American Women Physicians in 2000: A History in Progress, Journal of the American Medical Womens Association 55, no. 1 (2000): 59.

Barbara Sicherman and Carol Hurd Green, Dorothy Hansine Andersen, in Notable American Women in the Modern Period: A Biographical Dictionary (Harvard University Press, 1980), 1819.

Stephanie Clague, Dorothy Hansine Andersen, Lancet Respiratory Medicine 2, no. 3 (March 2014): 18485.

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H. A. Carithers, The First Use of an Antibiotic in America, American Journal of Diseases of Children 128, no. 2 (August 1974): 20711.

R. W. Cantrell, R. A. Bell, and W. T. Morioka, Acute Epiglottitis: Intubation versus Tracheostomy, Laryngoscope 88, no. 6 (June 1978): 9941005.

H. A. Carithers, The First Use of an Antibiotic in America, American Journal of Diseases of Children 128, no. 2 (August 1974): 20711.

CHAPTER 4

Lysbeth Cohen, Dr. Margaret Harper: Her Achievements and Place in the History of Australia (Sydney, Australia: Wentworth Books, 1971).

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Margaret Harper, Two Cases of Congenital Pancreatic Steatorrhoea with Infantilism, Medical Journal of Australia 2 (November 15, 1930): 66364.

Ibid.

P. Rothman, Obituaries, Arthur Hawley Parmelee M. D. (18831961), Pioneer Pediatrician to the Newborn, American Journal of Diseases of Children 103, no. 2 (February 1962): 197200.

A. H. Parmelee, The Pathology of Steatorrhea, American Journal of Diseases of Children 50, no. 6 (December 1, 1935): 141828.

Ibid.

A. E. Garrod and W. H. Hurtley, Congenital Family Steatorrhoea, Quarterly Journal of Medicine 6, no. 2 (January 1, 1913): 24258; Cecil Clarke and Geoffrey Hadfield, Congenital Pancreatic Disease with Infantilism, Quarterly Journal of Medicine 17, no. 68 (July 1, 1924): 35864.

Julius H. Hess and Otto Saphir, Celiac Disease (Chronic Intestinal Indigestion): A Report of Three Cases with Autopsy Findings, Journal of Pediatrics 6, no. 1 (January 1, 1935): 113.

A. H. Parmelee, The Pathology of Steatorrhea, American Journal of Diseases of Children 50, no. 6 (December 1, 1935): 141828.

Kenneth D. Blackfan and S. Burt Wolbach, Vitamin A Deficiency in Infants: A Clinical and Pathological Study, Journal of Pediatrics 3, no. 5 (November 1, 1933): 679706.

Kenneth D. Blackfan and Charles D. May, Inspissation of Secretion, Dilatation of the Ducts and Acini, Atrophy and Fibrosis of the Pancreas in Infants: A Clinical Note, Journal of Pediatrics 13, no. 5 (November 1, 1938): 62734.

Dorothy H. Andersen, Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas and Its Relation to Celiac Disease: A Clinical and Pathologic Study, American Journal of Diseases of Children 56, no. 2 (August 1, 1938): 34499.

CHAPTER 5

Dorothy H. Andersen, Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas and Its Relation to Celiac Disease: A Clinical and Pathologic Study, American Journal of Diseases of Children 56, no. 2 (August 1, 1938): 34499.

Jacob Greenberg, An Attempt to Reproduce Cliac Disease Experimentally in Young Animals by Excluding the External Pancreatic Secretion from the Intestine, Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 6, no. 2 (December 1933): 12153.

Claude Bernard, Mmoire sur le pancras et sur le role du suc pancratique dans les phnomnes digestifs, particulirement dans la digestion des matires grasses neutres, Supplemnt aux comptes rendus hebdomaires des sances de lAcadmie des sciences 1 (1856): 379563.

D. Wright Wilson, Claude Bernard, Popular Science Monthly 84 (June 1914): 56778.

The Transactions of the American Medical Association circa 1860 features an article on a case of diarrhea adiposa, which includes Dr. de la Tremblayes six-year-old patient with fatty diarrhea and diseased pancreas. The case is featured amid discussion of Claude Bernards Memoire sur le Pancras. Both the article and Memoire refer to de la Tremblayes case appearing in the 1852 edition of the Recueil des travaux de la socit mdicale dIndre et Loire. 2 serie, 3 chapter, 4 trimester.

Dorothy H. Andersen, Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas and Its Relation to Celiac Disease: A Clinical and Pathologic Study, American Journal of Diseases of Children 56, no. 2 (August 1, 1938): 398.

Alfred F. Hess, The Pancreatic Ferments in Infants, American Journal of Diseases of Children 4, no. 4 (October 1, 1912): 205.

Dorothy H. Andersen, Pancreatic Enzymes in the Duodenal Juice in the Celiac Syndrome, American Journal of Diseases of Children 63, no. 4 (April 1, 1942): 64358.

Archive at Columbia University. Letter from J.O to D.A.

CHAPTER 6

John Herbers, The 37th President Is First to Quit Post, New York Times, August 9, 1974.

; Forced Busing to Boston Schools Begins Today; Boycott Threatened, Los Angeles Times, December 10, 1974; Jack Tager, Boston Riots: Three Centuries of Social Violence (Northeastern University Press, 2001); Jack Porter, What South Boston Wants Is Free Choice, Los Angeles Times, December 17, 1974.

Chris Woolston, Moving Forward with Cystic Fibrosis, Knowable Magazine, May 29, 2018.

About ABCD Nonprofit, Action for Boston Community Development, accessed January 11, 2020.

CHAPTER 7

Paul di SantAgnese, Experiences of a Pioneer Researcher: Discovery of the Sweat Electrolyte Defect and the Early Medical History of Cystic Fibrosis, in Cystic Fibrosis in the Twentieth Century: People, Events and Progress (A. M. Publishing, 2001), 19.

Anthony di SantAgnese, email message to author, March 26, 2016.

D. A. Christie and E. M. Tansey, eds., Cystic Fibrosis: The Transcript of a Witness Seminar Held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 11 June 2002 (London: Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine, 2004); H. A. Carithers, The First Use of an Antibiotic in America, American Journal of Diseases of Children 128, no. 2 (August 1974): 20711.

H. A. Carithers, The First Use of an Antibiotic in America, American Journal of Diseases of Children 128, no. 2 (August 1974): 20711.