Hanington Bruce M. - Universal methods of design: 100 ways to research complex problems, develop innovative ideas, and design effective solutions

100 Ways to Research Complex Problems, Develop
Innovative Ideas, and Design Effective Solutions

Bella Martin
Bruce Hanington

2012 Rockport Publishers
Text 2012 Bruce Hanington and Bella Martin

First published in the United States of America in 2012 by
Rockport Publishers, a member of
Quayside Publishing Group
100 Cummings Center
Suite 406-L
Beverly, MA 01915-6101
Telephone: (978) 282-9590
Fax: (978) 283-2742
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All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written permission of the
copyright owners. All images in this book have been reproduced with the knowledge and prior consent of the
artists concerned, and no responsibility is accepted by producer, publisher, or printer for any infringement of
copyright or otherwise, arising from the contents of this publication. Every effort has been made to ensure
that credits accurately comply with information supplied. We apologize for any inaccuracies that may have
occurred and will resolve inaccurate or missing information in a subsequent reprinting of the book.

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ISBN: 978-1-59253-756-3

Digital edition published in 2012
eISBN: 978-1-61058-199-8

Digital Edition: 9-781-61058-1-998
Softcover Edition: 978-1-59253-756-3

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available.

Design: Bella Martin
Cover Image: Bella Martin

Getty Images: page 187
Shutterstock.com: pages 15, 29, 85, 91, 103, 113, 115, 131, and 195

Printed in China

To Paul, my true north, and
my Belles, Victoria & Virginia.

To my wife Lisa,

and my girls Nia and Emme,

who give my life balance and meaning,

And in memory of my mother, Elizabeth,

ever present.

Contents & design phases