Megan Smolenyak Smolenyak - Trace Your Roots with DNA

Notice

This book is intended as a reference volume only. Mention of specific companies, organizations, or authorities in this book does not imply endorsement by the publisher, nor does mention of specific companies, organizations, or authorities imply that they endorse this book.

Internet addresses and telephone numbers given in this book were accurate at the time it went to press.

2004 by Megan Smolenyak Smolenyak and Ann Turner

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any other information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the publisher.

Sample Y-DNA Haplogroup Descriptions is used by permission of Family Tree DNA and The Genomics and Technology Core at the University of Arizona.

The 7 Daughters of Eve Descriptions is used with permission of Dr. Bryan Sykes and Oxford Ancestors.

mtDNA Migration Map is used by permission of MITOMAP: A Human Mitochondrial Genome Database. http://www.mitomap.org, 2004.

Photograph by Kathy Peacock

Book design by Gavin Robinson

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Smolenyak, Megan.

Trace your roots with DNA : using genetic tests to explore your family tree / Megan Smolenyak Smolenyak and Ann Turner.

p. cm.

Includes index.

eISBN 9781609616168 ebook

ISBN 1594860068 paperback

1. Genealogy. 2. DNAGenealogyHandbooks, manuals, etc. 3. GeneticsGenealogyHandbooks, manuals, etc. I. Turner, Ann. II. Title.

CS21.S58 2004

929'.1'072dc22

2004014980

For Seton Shields

Your mtDNA was the least of the gifts youve given me!

MSS

For Jim Turner

Whose gift of a DNACUZN license plate symbolizes his support

APT

Introduction:
Welcome to the World of Genetic Genealogy

E very time a book finds its way to your local bookstore or library, one or two names appear on the cover. The authors hog the credit, but the reality is that it takes a significant team effort to bring a book to life. This book is no exceptionand though we live in fear of neglecting to mention someone (and fervently beg your forgiveness, if this has happened!)wed like to recognize those who have in some way co-authored this book with us.

Linda Konner, our agent, once again found just the right home for our fledging book-to-be and handled all aspects with her usual ease. Mariska van Aalst and Amy Super of Rodale championed our vision (and sometimes took the blinders off our eyes when we overlooked the obvious) while Emily Williams, Jessica Roth, Rose Panetta, Chris Rhoads, Gavin Robinson, and countless others labored to bring the separate pieces together at last.

Many experts in the field of genetealogy kindly shared their wisdom with us and endured repeated rounds of questions and clarifications. We are especially grateful to those who were willing to openly speculate on the future and trust us with information that was confidential at the time of the writing of this book. We thank Terry Carmichael, Tony Frudakis, Alastair Greenshields, Bennett Greenspan, Ripan Malhi, Terry Melton, Ugo Perego, Diahan Southard, Richard Villems, and Bruce Walsh. Authors and scientists who educated us and inspired us to make the leap from theory to practice include Scott Woodward, Michael Hammer, Luigi Cavalli-Sforza, Mary-Claire King, Steve Olson, Stephen Oppenheimer, John Relethford, Bryan Sykes, and Spencer Wells.

As is evident throughout this book, we also benefited from the expertise of other clusters of experts, such as professional genealogists and pioneering genetealogists, who have figured things out and developed resources that help the rest of us shorten our learning curves. Our gratitude goes to Joe Beine, John Chandler, Bob Dorsey, Kevin Duerinck, David Faux, Linda Hammer, Nel Hatcher, Bill Hurst, Brent Kennedy, Charles Kerchner, Louis Loccisano, Ana C. Oquendo Pabn, Jos Antonio Oquendo Pabn, Tom Osborne, Chris Pomery, David Roper, Christine Rose, Bonnie Schrack, and all those who enlighten us on the Genealogy-DNA Mailing List. Thanks also to Carey Bracewell, Everett Christmas, Don Green, Tara Robinson and Suzanne Walker for their much appreciated contributions.

And as if project managers dont have enough on their hands administering their DNA studies, many of them generously gave of their time to respond to a detailed survey and additional communications. We are deeply indebted to all of the following for sharing their experiences and insights, and allowing us to tell their stories: Terry Barton, Bill Bailey, Wayne Bates, Eddie Bennett, John A. Blair, Gary Blakely, Gregg Bonner, Georgia Kinney Bopp, Larry Bowling, David W. Brown, David Clifford, Barry Collett, Pieter J. Cramwinckel, Nancy Custer, Jay Dixit, John German, Wade Glascock, Clarke Glennon, Daniel Guggisberg, D. Harper, Phillip Hawkins, Kenneth R. Herrick, Ray Hill, Geoffrey Hodgson, Mary Lou Hudson, James Reynolds Hull, Roy Hutchinson, Melissa Jones, Norman Jordan, Peter A. Kincaid, Hikaru Kitabayashi, Steve Laymon, Ken Lennan, Barbara McCarthy, Cliff McCarthy, Bill McCeney, Janice McGough, Richard McGregor, Sharon S. Miller, Ferd Mireault, Jesse Moore, Steven C. Perkins, Ken Rockwell, Mary Harkey Russell, Michael Rutledge, Thomas J. Schmidt, Sharron Spencer, Justin (Howery) Swanstrom, Lannie G. Walker, Sr., and Dan Wharton. Thank you for your enthusiasm, sense of adventure, hard work, and most of all, for introducing so many to the world of genetealogy!

Megan

Brian Smolenyak insisted that this book be born, knowing full well the Sarah Heartburn moments that would ensue, and calmly weathered yet another gestation period with constant support. Stacy Neuberger did the impossible repeatedly with boundless supplies of encouragement and nary a word of grumbling. Thanks, SAS! Seton Shields and Ray Freson sacrificed a healthy chunk of their vacations wading through an intense early draft to supply much needed feedback, as well as spot-on recommendations for improvement. George C. Smolenyak also passed on some holiday festivities for our benefit and gave me an entertaining genetic heritage that furnished several of the examples in this book! Laura Tinsley provided a fresh, scientific perspective that proved invaluable, and once again, Anna Grace Harding provided perspective, period! And finally, my coauthor Ann Turner furnished in-depth expertise that would have taken me decades to acquire. Thanks, Ann, for the intensive education!

Ann

I owe a debt of gratitude to all my ancestors (who somehow managed to survive a perilous journey down through time), many collateral relatives (who donated some DNA to satisfy my curiosity), my sister, Mary Evans (who shares my enthusiasms and somebut not allof my genetic traits), my husband, Jim Turner (who tapes cartoons to my computer monitor), and my coauthor Megan Smolenyak (who turned a mere velleity into reality).