Saint Sanjay - CURRENT Essentials of Medicine

a LANGE medical book

Fourth Edition

Edited by

Lawrence M. Tierney, Jr., MD
Professor of Medicine
University of California, San Francisco
Associate Chief of Medical Services
Veterans Affairs Medical Center
San Francisco, California

Sanjay Saint, MD, MPH
Associate Chief of Medicine, Ann Arbor VA Medical Center
Director, VA/UM Patient Safety Enhancement Program
Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Mary A. Whooley, MD
Professor of Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics
University of California, San Francisco
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center
San Francisco, California

Copyright 2011, 2005, 2002, 1997 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

ISBN: 978-0-07-176665-4
MHID: 0-07-176665-0

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To Katherine Tierney: a sister whose absolute commitment to her parents at the end of their lives provides a model for anyone fortunate enough to know her.

Lawrence M. Tierney, Jr.

To my father, Prem Saint, and father-in-law, James McCarthy, whose commitment to education will inspire generations.

Sanjay Saint

In memory of my mother, Mary Aquinas Whooley (19402003).

Mary A. Whooley

Timir Baman, MD

Cardiolology Fellow, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Cardiovascular Diseases

Alex Benson, MD

Fellow, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, Colorado

Pulmonary Diseases

Aaron Berg, MD

Clinical Lecturer and Hospitalist, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Fluid, AcidBase, and Electrolyte Disorders

Jeffrey Critchfield, MD

Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California

Rheumatologic & Autoimmune Disorders

Vanja Douglas, MD

Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California

Neurologic Disorders

Rebecca A. Jackson, MD

Associate Professor & Chief, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, California

Gynecologic, Obstetric, and Breast Disorders

Kirsten Neudoerffer Kangelaris, MD

Research Fellow, Division of Hospital Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California

Selected Genetic Disorders

Helen Kao, MD

Assistant Professor, Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California