Renya K. Ramirez - Standing Up to Colonial Power

Moving.... This is the first project authored by a descendant of these leaders and offers a uniquely nuanced understanding of their activism. The book is a beautiful contribution to the literature on the early twentieth-century Native American experience and honors the life and legacy of two extraordinary leaders.

Amy Lonetree (Ho-Chunk), associate professor of history at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and author of Decolonizing Museums: Representing Native America in National and Tribal Museums

Renya Ramirez explores how Ho-Chunk and Ojibwe cultures influenced [her grandparents] shared visions.... [and] discusses the vital work of these two leaders in a deeply personal voice.

Lisbeth Haas, professor of history at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and author of Saints and Citizens: Indigenous Histories of Colonial and Mexican California

Ramirezs insightful biography of Henry and Elizabeth Cloud is an excellent example of writing from home, and shows us the full richness of the Clouds lives as well as their important legacies, both personal and political.

Cathleen Cahill, associate professor of history at Pennsylvania State University and author of Federal Fathers and Mothers: A Social History of the United States Indian Service, 18691933

New Visions in Native American and Indigenous Studies

Series Editors

Margaret D. Jacobs

Robert Miller

Renya K. Ramirez

Co-published by the University of Nebraska Press and the American Philosophical Society

2018 by the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska

All rights reserved.

Cover designed by University of Nebraska Press; cover image is from the interior, with permission by the Cloud family.

Portions of this book previously appeared as: From Henry Roe Cloud to Henry Cloud, Settler Colonial Studies 2, not. 2 (2012): 11737; Ho-Chunk Warrior, Intellecutal, and Activist: Henry Roe Cloud Fights for the Apaches, American Indian Quarterly 37, no. 3 (Summer 2013): 290309; and Henry Roe Cloud: A Granddaughters Native Feminist Biographical Account, Wicazo Sa Review 24, no. 2 (Fall 2009): 77103.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Ramirez, Renya K., 1959, author.

Title: Standing up to colonial power: the lives of Henry Roe and Elizabeth Bender Cloud / Renya K. Ramirez.

Other titles: New visions in Native American and indigenous studies.

Description: Lincoln: Co-published by the University of Nebraska Press and the American Philosophical Society, 2018. | Series: New visions in Native

American and indigenous studies | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2018028389

ISBN 9781496211729 (cloth: alk. paper)

ISBN 9781496212689 (epub)

ISBN 9781496212696 (mobi)

ISBN 9781496212702 (pdf)

Subjects: LCSH : Cloud, Henry Roe, 18851950. | Cloud, Elizabeth Bender, 18871965 | Indian activistsUnited StatesBiography. | LCGFT : Biographies.

Classification: LCC E 89. R 34 2018 | DDC 371.829/97526073dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018028389

The publisher does not have any control over and does not assume any responsibility for author or third-party websites or their content.

For my grandparents, Henry and Elizabeth Cloud; my mother, Woesha Cloud North; and all our relatives, both living and in the spirit world

Without the continual support of my family, including my ancestors in the spirit world, this book would have never been written. Because this book is a family-tribal history, I am forever grateful to my siblings, Woesha Hampson, Mary McNeil, Robert Cloud North, and Trynka Adachi, who has passed away; my parents, Robert North and Woesha Cloud North; and all my cousins, nieces, nephews, and Ho-Chunk and Ojibwe relatives, whose love and support helped me with every aspect of writing this book, including research and each successive draft. My family supported me with phone calls when I traveled to visit archives and help with airfare so my son, Gilbert, could accompany me to read colonial letters together in the Yale Sterling Library. My sister Woesha Hampson and her husband, Tom Hampson, hosted me as I visited archives. They listened to me, and we discussed our various thoughts and insights. My cousin Robin Butterfield welcomed me into her home when I visited archives in Washington DC . She and I had great conversations about our grandparents, and she offered me wonderful perceptions and understandings. My cousin Mark Butterfield hosted me and my two sons, Lucio and Gilbert, as we worked on the film about our grandfather and great-grandfather, Henry Roe Cloud, and conducted interviews of Ho-Chunk cultural and political leaders. Our conversations with Mark Butterfield were incredibly helpful and insightful. I want to thank my sons, Lucio and Gilbert, who traveled with me and my daughter, Mirasol, and were of tremendous support, while making the film. My sister Mary McNeil, brother-in-law Chris McNeil, and niece Tasha Adams were amazingly supportive, reading through the entire book manuscript and giving me both editorial and substantive feedback. Both Mary and Chris McNeil were wonderful supporters of the film about Henry Roe Cloud. My children, Lucio, Gilbert, and Mirasol, helped me by listening to me talk about this family-tribal history, reading drafts, and encouraging me every step of the way. My granddaughters, Raquel and Mahaya, gave me frequent hugs and words of encouragement. My husband, Gilbert, and nephew, Colin Cloud Hampson, read drafts and listened to me discuss the ups and downs of writing, researching, and juggling my many professorial duties.

I must also thank my Ho-Chunk colleague, Amy Lonetree, who encouraged me to write this book and patiently listened to me discuss my experiences doing archival research. I also appreciate our Indigenous Studies Writing Group here at UCSC , which included Amy Lonetree, Beth Haas, Mattie Harper, Megan Moodie, Jon Daehkne, and Tsim Schneider, all of whom read drafts and encouraged me through the long process of writing this book. I must thank my colleagues Ned Blackhawk, Chadwick Allen, Cathleen Cahill, Cristina Stanciu, Kristina Ackley, Steve Crum, Scott Morgenson, Alyssa Mt. Pleasant, Jim Clifford, Deborah Miranda, Gloria Chacon, and Margaret Jacobs, all of whom who read drafts and encouraged me. I especially appreciated being invited to a Society of American Indian conference held at Ohio University and participating on a panel with Kristina Ackley and Christina Stanciu. The result was an amazing special issue regarding the SAI organization, coedited by Chadwick Allen and Beth Piatote. I met many wonderful scholars and colleagues, who are also writing about SAI intellectuals.

I want to thank all the members of my UCSC American studies program, especially Eric Porter, Catherine Ramirez, Kimberly Lau, and Amy Lonetree, and my Anthropology Department, including Danilyn Rutherford, Nancy Chen, Olga Najera-Ramirez, Mark Anderson, Andrew Matthews, Anna Tsing, Don Brenneis, Melissa Caldwell, Lisa Rofel, Tsim Schneider, Jon Daekhe, Triloki Pandy, Mayanthi Fernando, Jerry Zee, Megan Moodie, Guerillmo Delgado, Judith Habicht Mauche, and Chelsea Blackmore, who have been amazing colleagues, encouraging me to undertake an archival project that included visiting archives, conducting interviews, and painstakingly collecting lots of archival material. I need to express thanks to those I see in my local coffee shop, especially Melissa West and Sarah-Hope Marmeter, who encouraged me while I was writing to follow my instincts. I am also grateful to Anna Montgomery, who edited the book manuscript draft before I sent it off to the press for review, and to my Gender and Cultural Citizenship Working Group, including Kia Caldwell, Kathleen Coll, Tracy Fisher, and Lok Siu, who have nourished me as a Native feminist scholar. I especially thank Kia Caldwell, who was my writing coach and provided me with encouragement throughout the long writing process.