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Jacek Woźny - Conceptual Integration in the Language of Mathematical Description

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Analyzes the language of pure mathematics in various advanced-level sources.Systemically covers the whole course of advanced, academic-level algebra.Presents topics in the order usually taught to students, allowing for a close scrutiny of the development of the multilayered and intricate structure of mathematical concepts. This volume examines mathematics as a product of the human mind and analyzes the language of pure mathematics from various advanced-level sources. Through analysis of the foundational texts of mathematics, it is demonstrated that math is a complex literary creation, containing objects, actors, actions, projection, prediction, planning, explanation, evaluation, roles, image schemas, metonymy, conceptual blending, and, of course, (natural) language. The book follows the narrative of mathematics in a typical order of presentation for a standard university-level algebra course, beginning with analysis of set theory and mappings and continuing along a path of increasing complexity. At each stage, primary concepts, axioms, definitions, and proofs will be examined in an effort to unfold the tell-tale traces of the basic human cognitive patterns of story and conceptual blending. This book will be of interest to mathematicians, teachers of mathematics, cognitive scientists, cognitive linguists, and anyone interested in the engaging question of how mathematics works and why it works so well.

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Contents
Hitos
Mathematics in Mind
Series Editor
Marcel Danesi
University of Toronto, Canada
Editorial Board
Louis Kauffman
University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
Dragana Martinovic
University of Windsor, Canada
Yair Neuman
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
Rafael Nez
University of California, San Diego, USA
Anna Sfard
University of Haifa, Israel
David Tall
University of Warwick, UK
Kumiko Tanaka-Ishii
Kyushu University, Japan
Shlomo Vinner
Hebrew University, Israel

The monographs and occasional textbooks published in this series tap directly into the kinds of themes, research findings, and general professional activities of the Fields Cognitive Science Network, which brings together mathematicians, philosophers, and cognitive scientists to explore the question of the nature of mathematics and how it is learned from various interdisciplinary angles.

This series covers the following complementary themes and conceptualizations:

Connections between mathematical modeling and artificial intelligence research; math cognition and symbolism, annotation, and other semiotic processes; and mathematical discovery and cultural processes, including technological systems that guide the thrust of cognitive and social evolution

Mathematics, cognition, and computer science, focusing on the nature of logic and rules in artificial and mental systems

The historical context of any topic that involves how mathematical thinking emerged, focusing on archeological and philological evidence

Other thematic areas that have implications for the study of math and mind, including ideas from disciplines such as philosophy and linguistics

The question of the nature of mathematics is actually an empirical question that canbest be investigated with various disciplinary tools, involving diverse types of hypotheses, testing procedures, and derived theoretical interpretations. This series aims to address questions of mathematics as a unique type of human conceptual system versus sharing neural systems with other faculties, whether it is a series- specific trait or exists in some other form in other species, what structures (if any) are shared by mathematics language, and more.

Data and new results related to such questions are being collected and published in various peer-reviewed academic journals. Among other things, data and results have profound implications for the teaching and learning of mathematics. The objective is based on the premise that mathematics, like language, is inherently interpretive and explorative at once. In this sense, the inherent goal is a hermeneutical one, attempting to explore and understand a phenomenonmathematicsfrom as many scientific and humanistic angles as possible.

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Jacek Wony
How We Understand Mathematics Conceptual Integration in the Language of Mathematical Description
Jacek Wony Institute of English Studies University of Wrocaw Otmuchw Poland - photo 1
Jacek Wony
Institute of English Studies, University of Wrocaw, Otmuchw, Poland
ISSN 2522-5405 e-ISSN 2522-5413
Mathematics in Mind
ISBN 978-3-319-77687-3 e-ISBN 978-3-319-77688-0
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77688-0
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018937647
Mathematics Subject Classication (2010): 00-XX 00-02 00A30 00A35 97-XX 97-02 97C30 97C70 97D20 97E40 97E60 97H20

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Acknowledgments

I express my most sincere gratitude and appreciation to Professors Mark Turner (CWRU) and Francis Steen (UCLA) for their support and advice which made this book possible.

Jacek Wony

Contents
Bibliography
Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018
Jacek Wony How We Understand Mathematics Mathematics in Mind https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77688-0_1
1. Introduction
Jacek Wony
(1)
Institute of English Studies, University of Wrocaw, Otmuchw, Poland
1.1 The Effectiveness of Mathematics, Conceptual Integration, and Small Spatial Stories
On July 20, 1969, the lunar module of Apollo 11 landed on the moon. The trajectory of this historic space flight has been calculated by hand by a group of the so-called human computers.: 143) points out, this fact is often treated by philosophers as an argument for mathematical realism of the Platonian or Aristotelian variety. It is from this perspective that Quine-Putnams indispensability argument, Hellers hypothesis of the mathematical rationality of the world, and Tegmarks mathematical universe hypothesis have been discussed. Eugene Wigner, a physicist, often quoted in this context, finished his paper titled The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences in the following way:

The miracle of the appropriateness of the language of mathematics for the formulation of the laws of physics is a wonderful gift which we neither understand nor deserve. We should be grateful for it and hope that it will remain valid in future research and that it will extend, for better or for worse, to our pleasure, even though perhaps also to our bafflement, to wide branches of learning. (: 14)

James C. Alexander, a professor of mathematics, also sees the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics as of a mystery but offers the following explanation for it:

It is a mystery to be explored that mathematics, in one sense a formal game based on a sparse foundation, does not become barren, but is ever more fecund. I posit [...] that mathematics incorporates blending (and other cognitive processes) into its formal structure as a manifestation of human creativity melding into the disciplinary culture, and that features of blending, in particular emergent structure, are vital for the fecundity. (Alexander : 3)

I agree with the above solution to the puzzle and have no doubt that it deserves further study. The subject of this book, further explained in the next section, is to prove that conceptual blending (integration), paired with the human ability for story (Turner ):

Blending Theory was originally developed in order to account for linguistic structure and for the role of language in meaning construction, particularly creative aspects of meaning construction like novel metaphors, counterfactuals and so on. However, recent research carried out by a large international community of academics with an interest in Blending Theory has given rise to the view that conceptual blending is central to human thought and imagination, and that evidence for this can be found not only in human language, but also in a wide range of other areas of human activity, such as art, religious thought and practice, and scientific endeavour, to name but a few. Blending Theory has been applied by researchers to phenomena from disciplines as diverse as literary studies, mathematics, music theory, religious studies, the study of the occult, linguistics, cognitive psychology, social psychology, anthropology, computer science and genetics. (401)

Over the last two decades, the importance of conceptual blending and other mental processes in mathematics has been extensively studied by, among others, Lakoff and Nez (). Let us just quote two little fragments, starting with the groundbreaking Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics Into Being by George Lakoff and Raphael Nunez.

Blends, metaphorical and nonmetaphorical, occur throughout mathematics. Many of the most important ideas in mathematics are metaphorical conceptual blends (: 48)

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