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Burton MacDonald - The Southern Transjordan Edomite Plateau and the Dead Sea Rift Valley: The Bronze Age to the Islamic Period (3800/3700 BC–AD 1917)

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Burton MacDonald The Southern Transjordan Edomite Plateau and the Dead Sea Rift Valley: The Bronze Age to the Islamic Period (3800/3700 BC–AD 1917)
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The Southern Transjordan Edomite Plateau and the Dead Sea Rift Valley: The Bronze Age to the Islamic Period (3800/3700 BC–AD 1917): summary, description and annotation

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Burton MacDonald presents an in-depth study of the archaeology and history of human presence over the past five-six thousand years in the southern segment of the Transjordan/Edomite Plateau and the Dead Sea Rift Valley to the west. The evidence from archaeology for the area spans the entire period though the time for which literary evidence is available is only the past 4000 years, from the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1550 BC). Once literary evidence is available, however, it complements the archaeological record and, as can be amply demonstrated, the written records can be clarified only through the archaeological data. These two sources are, thus, used to describe environments, resources, industries, settlement patterns, and the lifestyles of the inhabitants of this pivotal region. The result is a story of the people who lived in the area from the Bronze Age through the Islamic period. What is evident is that there were differences in certain archaeological periods in settlement patterns, as well as lifestyles, between those who lived on the southern segment of the Plateau and those who lived in the Dead Sea Rift Valley or in the lowlands immediately to the west. Moreover, it is obvious that when there were periods of trade and industry, for example, the spice trade and copper mining and processing, the population of the area was higher. Stable governance brought about growth in population and prosperity. But other factors also played their part in these ebbs and flows of population: climatic fluctuations affecting the availability of water and arable land; the development and adoption of new technologies in farming practices, raw material extraction and industrial methods, processes and transportation; and political change resulting in periods of relative stability and instability in government.Table of ContentsContentsList of FiguresList of PhotosAcknowledgementsAbbreviations and Symbols Archaeological Periods and Dates DedicationChapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Early, Middle and Late Bronze Periods (3800/3700-1200 BC)Chapter 3: Iron I and II Periods (1200-539 BC)Chapter 4: Persian (539-332 BC) and Hellenistic (and Nabataean) Periods (332-63 BC)Chapter 5: Roman (and Nabataean) Period (63 BC-AD 324) Chapter 6: Byzantine Period (AD 324-640) Chapter 7: Early, Middle and Late Islamic Periods (AD 640-1917) Chapter 8: Summary and Conclusions References Indices: Sites; Subjects; Biblical Passages

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Published in the United Kingdom in 2015 by
OXBOW BOOKS
10 Hythe Bridge Street, Oxford OX1 2EW

and in the United States by
OXBOW BOOKS
908 Darby Road, Havertown, PA 19083

Oxbow Books and the individual authors 2015

Hardcover Edition: ISBN 978-1-78297-832-9
Digital Edition: ISBN 978-1-78297-814-5; Mobi Edition: ISBN 978-1-78297-834-3;
PDF Edition: ISBN 978-1-78297-835-0

A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

MacDonald, Burton, 1939

The Southern Transjordan edomite Plateau and the Dead Sea Rift Valley : the Bronze Age to the Islamic period (3800/3700 BC-AD 1917) / Burton MacDonald. -- Hardcover edition.

1 online resource.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Description based on print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed.

ISBN 978-1-78297-833-6 (epub) -- ISBN 978-1-78297-834-3 (prc) -- ISBN 978-1-78297-835-0 (pdf) -- ISBN 978-1-78297-832-9 1. Jordan--Antiquities. 2. Excavations (Archaeology)--Jordan. I. Title.

DS153.3

956.95--dc23

2015010573

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission from the publisher in writing.

Printed in the United Kingdom by Short Run Press, Exeter

For a complete list of Oxbow titles, please contact:

UNITED KINGDOM
Oxbow Books
Telephone (01865) 241249, Fax (01865) 794449
Email:
www.oxbowbooks.com

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Oxbow Books
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Email:
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Oxbow Books is part of the Casemate Group

Front cover: Treasury, Petra (photo by Jane Taylor)

CONTENTS

LIST OF FIGURES

).

LIST OF PLATES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The American Center of Oriental Research (ACOR), Amman, awarded me a Publication Fellowship for the period JanuaryApril 2013. During that time, while in residence at ACOR, I was able to complete most of the library research for this work. In addition, an association with the Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations, University of Toronto, during the winter months of 2014, provided me with the time and library resources for the completion of the work, including copy-editing and production of illustrations. I acknowledge the assistance and graciousness of personnel from both institutions.

This work is ultimately dependent upon permission received from Jordans Department of Antiquities to carry out work in southern Jordan over a period of more than 30 years. Moreover, I also acknowledge the work of dozens of scholars who have published their research on the archaeology and history of the territory that is of primary interest in this publication. These individuals are referenced throughout the work.

Rudaina al-Momani, ACOR and CBRL, supplied the shapefile of the wadis for inclusion in the maps found in this volume. Hilary Hatcher worked with the shapefile to produce most of the maps in the work. In addition, Hilary copy edited the work, made many helpful suggestions relative to improving the work, and ultimately saved me from many inconsistencies and errors.

Relative to the photo segment of this work, Jane Taylor (]) provided most of the images. Their contribution is supplemented by photos from/by the ACOR Archives, Piotr Bienkowski, Patricia Bikai, Hilary Hatcher, Fraser Parsons and Scott Quaintance. In addition to the above, Chrysanthos Kanellopoulos and Patricia Bikai, Beidha Documentation Project, gave permission to reproduce two of their drawings.

The Scripture quotations contained herein are from the New Revised Standard Version Bible, 1989, by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of Churches of Christ in the U.S.A., and are used by permission. All rights reserved.

As usual, Rosemarie Sampson followed all aspects of this work. To her, I am continually grateful.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

ACOR

American Center of Oriental Research

APAAME

Aerial Photographic Archive for Archaeology in the Middle East

ARNAS

The Ayl to Ras an-Naqab Archaeological Survey

asl

above sea level

B

Bronze

bods

body sherds

BDP

Beidha Documentation Project

BP or bp

Before the present, that is, before AD 1950

bsl

below sea level

Byz

Byzantine

c.

about/around

CBRL

Council for British Research in the Levant

Chal

Chalcolithic

Class

Classical

DLK

David L. Kennedy

DLS

Dolomite Limestone Shales

E

Early/East

ED

European Datum 1950

ELRAP

Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology Project

EPI

Epipaleolithic

FFR

Francesca F. Radcliffe

FJHP

Finnish Jabal Haroun Project

GIS

Geographic Information System

GPS

Global Positioning System

Hell

Hellenistic

Isl

Islamic

Kh.

Khirbat

L

Late/Lower/Looking

L2HE

Lowlands to Highlands of Edom Project

M

Middle

MBS

Massive Brown Sandstone

Mod

Modern

N

North

Nab

Nabataean

NEPP

North-Eastern Petra Project

NHG

Naturhistorische Gesellschaft Nrnberg/Natural History Museum of Nrnberg

NRA

Natural Resources Authority

NRSV

New Revised Standard Version

Per

Persian

poss

possible

prob

probable/probably

RHB

Robert H. Bewley

Rom

Roman

RS(s)

Random Square(s)

S

South

SAAS

Shammakh to Ayl Archaeological Survey

SGNAS

Southern Ghors and Northeast `Arabah Archaeological Survey

SJIAP

South Jordan Iron Age II Survey and Excavation Project

TBAS

Tafila Busayra Archaeological Survey

U

Upper

UAP

Udhruh Archaeological Project

UD

Un-diagnostic

W

West

WF

Wadi Faynan

WFLS

Wadi Faynan Landscape Survey

WGS

World Geodetic System 1984

WHS

Wadi al-Hasa Archaeological Survey

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