Laura Willis - Professional Guide to Diseases

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Eleventh edition

Copyright 2020 Wolters Kluwer.

10th edition 2013 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Wolters Kluwer at Two Commerce Square, 2001 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, via email at permissions@lww.com, or via our website at shop.lww.com (products and services).

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Willis, Laura M., 1969- editor. | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, issuing body.

Title: Professional guide to diseases / clinical editor, Dr. Laura M. Willis, DNP, APRN-CNP, CMSRN, Family Nurse Practitioner Urbana Family Medicine and Pediatrics, Urbana, Ohio.

Description: Eleventh edition. | Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer, [2020] | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2018056438 | ISBN 9781975107727 | eISBN 9781975107734

Subjects: LCSH: Clinical medicineHandbooks, manuals, etc. | DiseasesHandbooks, manuals, etc. | NursingHandbooks, manuals, etc.

Classification: LCC RT65 .P69 2020 | DDC 616dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018056438

This work is provided as is, and the publisher disclaims any and all warranties, express or implied, including any warranties as to accuracy, comprehensiveness, or currency of the content of this work.

This work is no substitute for individual patient assessment based upon healthcare professionals examination of each patient and consideration of, among other things, age, weight, gender, current or prior medical conditions, medication history, laboratory data, and other factors unique to the patient. The publisher does not provide medical advice or guidance, and this work is merely a reference tool. Healthcare professionals, and not the publisher, are solely responsible for the use of this work, including all medical judgments, and for any resulting diagnosis and treatments.

Given continuous, rapid advances in medical science and health information, independent professional verification of medical diagnoses, indications, appropriate pharmaceutical selections and dosages, and treatment options should be made, and healthcare professionals should consult a variety of sources. When prescribing medication, healthcare professionals are advised to consult the product information sheet (the manufacturers package insert) accompanying each drug to verify, among other things, conditions of use, warnings and side effects and identify any changes in dosage schedule or contraindications, particularly if the medication to be administered is new, infrequently used, or has a narrow therapeutic range. To the maximum extent permitted under applicable law, no responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property, as a matter of products liability, negligence law or otherwise, or from any reference to or use by any person of this work.

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To my teachers and mentors, past and present, and to those patients who have truly touched my life with a difficult diagnosis or a tough conversationthis work is for you.

Contributors

Samuel A. Borchers, OD

Optometrist
Northern Arizona VA Health System
Prescott, Arizona

Melanie N. DeGonzague, MSN, APRN, AGPCNP-BC

Certified Nurses Practitioner
The Christ Hospital PhysiciansPrimary Care
Cincinnati, Ohio

Kathryn Dinh, MSN, APRN, AGPCNP-BC

Nurse Practitioner
The Christ Hospital
Cincinnati, Ohio

Ellie Franges, DNP, CRNP, CNRN

Neurological Surgery
Chestmont Neurosurgery
Main Line Healthcare
Paoli, Pennsylvania

Bridget A. Howard, MSN, CNP

Department of Gastroenterology
Mayo Clinic
Scottsdale, Arizona

Katrin Moskowitz, DNP, FNP

Assistant Clinical Director
Community Health and Wellness Center of Greater Torrington
Torrington, Connecticut

Susan Raymond, MSN, RN, CCRN

Deputy Commander for Nursing
Weed Army Hospital
Fort Irwin, California

Cherie R. Rebar, PhD, MBA, RN, COI

Vice President for Communication and Marketing
Connect: RN2ED
Beavercreek, Ohio
Faculty, Division of Nursing
Wittenberg University
Springfield, Ohio

Michael J. Rebar, DO

Internal Medicine Specialist
Dayton, Ohio

Amy Slusher, MSN, APRN, ANP-C

Nurse Practitioner
Optum
Miamisburg, Ohio

Stefanie Nelson Tyler, DNP, WHNP, RN

Nurse Practitioner
The Centre for Reproductive and Genetic Health
London, United Kingdom

Daniel T. Vetrosky, PhD, PA-C, DFAAPA

Professor and Director of Didactic Education
University of South Alabama
Mobile, Alabama

Amy Weaver, DNP, FNP-BC

Family Nurse Practitioner
Greeneville, Tennessee

Alisha H. Wilkes, DNP, CNM, ARNP

Nurse-Midwife
Three Moons Midwifery
Renton, Washington

Previous Edition Contributors

Deborah Hutchinson Allen, MSN, RN

Charles L. Bevins, MD, PHD

Donna C. Bond, DNP, RN-BC, CCNS, AE-C

Vicki L. Brinsko, RN, BS, CIC

Raymond A. Costabile, MD

Ellie Z. Franges, MSN, ANP-BC, CNRN

Bridget Howard, MSN, APRN, BC

Seanra J. Kalil, PA-C

Joshua F. Knox, PA-C

Wanda M. Martinez, MD, PHD

E. Ann Myers, MD, FACP, FACE

Diana Noller, MSPT, MMS, PA-C

Jody Ralph, PHD, BSc, BSN, MSc, RN

Sundaram V. Ramanan, MD, MS, FRCP, FACP

Susan M. Raymond, MSN, RN, CCRN

Christie L. Rogers, MS, RD, CNSC

Christopher R. A. Sim, MPAS, PA-C

Dominique A. Thuriere, MD

Daniel T. Vetrosky, PA-C, PHD

Benita Walton-Moss, DNS, FNP-BC

Linda Weinberg, PHD, FNP-C, RN, ET

Lei Xi, MD

Foreword

How can health care providers respond to the new model of consumerism in medicine, in which patients are encouraged to question everything, are bombarded with health care information in the media, and are targeted by direct advertising campaigns marketing everything from weight loss programs to therapies for erectile dysfunction? In todays information- and technology-driven environment, staying on the leading edge of ever-changing medical information can be overwhelming. The reality of contemporary medical economics and regulation of medical practice is driving many clinicians to see greater numbers of patients each day, each with more complex illnesses. This has resulted in less time spent with the patient, less time to perform detailed literature searches for complex conditions, and more time devoted to medical record completion, negotiating with medical insurance companies and other administrative representatives and justifying the medical necessity for many orders. In this environment theres a need for a well-organized and comprehensive summary of a wide variety of illnesses to help the busy clinician.