Ksenia Shagal - Participles

Empirical Approaches to Language Typology [EALT]

Edited by

Volume

ISBN 9783110627527

e-ISBN (PDF) 9783110633382

e-ISBN (EPUB) 9783110629934

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek

The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.

2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Ksenia Shagal

Participles

Empirical Approaches to Language Typology

Editors

Georg Bossong

Bernard Comrie

Kristine Hildebrandt

Jean-Christophe Verstraete

Volume 61

Ksenia Shagal

Participles

A Typological Study

De Gruyter Mouton

ISBN 978-3-11-062752-7

e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-063338-2

e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-062993-4

Library of Congress Control Number: 2019949211

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek

The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie;

detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de.

2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

www.degruyter.com

This book is a revised version of my doctoral dissertation Towards a typology of participles, which I defended at the University of Helsinki in April 2017 and published as . Many people have helped me in one way or another during my work on this book, and I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all of them.

I am extremely grateful to Seppo Kittil, the supervisor of the original dissertation, for all the feedback he provided over the years, and for his amazing ability to cheer me up no matter what. Many thanks to Maria Koptjevskaja-Tamm and Sonia Cristofaro, the preliminary examiners of the dissertation, for their encouraging reviews and suggestions for improvement, which I tried to implement in the revised version of the book. I am also indebted to Peter Arkadiev for his careful reading and valuable comments on the manuscript.

I would like to thank Jean-Christophe Verstraete, the responsible editor of the series Empirical Approaches to Language Typology, for all the work he did throughout the revision stage, and for his incredible patience. I am also thankful to Katja Schubert, the production editor of the book, for her technical help, and to all the others at De Gruyter Mouton involved in the publication process. Special thanks to Eduard Shagal for preparing the maps and figures for this book, and for all the other help.

Most of the time I spent working on this book, I was lucky to be a member of the Department of (Modern) Languages at the University of Helsinki, and I benefited greatly from its research environment. I wish to thank all my colleagues in General Linguistics and Finno-Ugrian Language Studies, in particular those behind the Helsinki Area & Language Studies initiative, for building up a lively research community that has so many inspiring activities to offer. Financial support for my research was provided mainly by the University of Helsinki and the Langnet Doctoral Programme.

I am deeply indebted to all those who assisted me in different ways in obtaining information on individual languages. Many thanks to the numerous language experts who shared their knowledge and data, and to the speakers of Kalmyk, Nanai, Nivkh, Uilta, Erzya and Hill Mari who worked with me on different occasions. I also wish to express my gratitude and admiration to all authors of descriptive grammars, without whom typological studies like this one would hardly be possible.

Finally, I would like to thank all those wonderful people in and outside of academia who have supported me throughout these years. This book would have never been completed without them.

(For information on the standardization of the glosses see

||

long pause (Nias)

(*)

ungrammatical if a specific segment is added

*()

ungrammatical without a specific segment

___

gap in a relative clause (where the relativized participant would be if expressed overtly)

1

first person

2

second person

3

third person

I V

gender classes

A

agent-like argument of canonical transitive verb

ABL

ablative

ABS

absolutive

ACC

accusative

ACT

active

ACTUAL

actual

AD

at, location typically associated with a particular entity (Tanti Dargwa)

ADF

AD -form, i.e. form referring to a property (Panare)

ADJR

adjectivizer

ADV

adverbializer

AFF

affirmative

AFR

aforementioned

AGR

agreement

ALL

allative

ALN

alienable

AN

animate

ANT

anterior

AOR

aorist

APP

affected peripheral participant

ART

article

ASP

aspect

ASSINV

assertors involvement

ASSOC

associative

ATTR

attributive

AUG

augmentative

AUGM

augment

AUX

auxiliary

CAR

caritive

CAUS

causative

CHAR

characteristic

CL

classifier

CL 1 , CL 2, etc.

noun classes

CM

compact

CNG

connegative

CNT

location with contact

COM

comitative

COMPL

completive, completion

CONC

concord suffix

CONJ

conjunctive

CONN

connector

CONS

consequential case

CONSTR

construct state

CONT

continuous

COORD

coordinator

COP

copula

CVB

converb

D

gender class /d/ (Ingush)

DAT

dative

DEB

debitive

DEC

declarative

DEF

definite

DEM

demonstrative

DEP

dependent marker

DET

determiner

DETR

detransitivizer

DIR

directional

DISC

discontinuity marker

DIST

distal demonstrative

DO

direct object

DOM

differential object marking

DS

different-subject marker

DU

dual

DUR

durative

DX

deictic prefix to verb

DYN

dynamic

ELA

elative

EMP

emphatic

END

ending

EP

epenthetic

ERG

ergative

ESS

essive

EVD

evidential

EVT

eventual mood

EX

exclusive person

EXIST

existential particle

EXP

experiential

EXT

extension

F

feminine gender

FIN

finite

FOC

focus

FUT

future

GEN

genitive

GEN 1

first genitive (Hinuq, Komi-Zyrian)

GEN 2

second genitive (Beserman Udmurt, Komi-Zyrian)

GNMCC

general noun-modifying clause construction

GNO

gnomic time reference (Panare)

HA

suffix -ha- (Muna)

HAB

habitual

HAVE

have, verb-forming prefix (Nias)

HERE

here, deictic element (Pitta Pitta)

HOLLOW

a hollow object (Tariana)

HPL

human plural

HTR

half-transitive (West Greenlandic)

ILL

illative

IMM

immediate

IMP

imperative

IN

inside

INAL

inalienable

INAN

inanimate

INC

inclusive

INCH

inchoative

IND

indicative

INESS

inessive

INF

infinitive

INFR

inferential

INS

instrumental

INT

intensifier

INTR

intransitive

INTRJ

interjection

IO

indirect object

IPFV

imperfective

IRR

irrealis mood

ITER

iterative

ITG

intangible

J

gender class /j/ (Ingush)

L

low tone

LAT

lative

LIG

ligature

LK

linker

LOC

locative

M

masculine gender

MID

middle voice

MLOC

modal locative

MOD

modal

MS

male speech

MUT

mutated nominal

N

neuter gender

NARR

narrative

NEC

necessitative

NEG

negation, negative

NEUT

neutral tense-aspect suffix