Claudia Goldin - Career and Family: Women’s Century-Long Journey toward Equity

CAREER & FAMILY

Career & Family

WOMENS CENTURY-LONG JOURNEY TOWARD EQUITY

CLAUDIA GOLDIN

PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS

PRINCETON & OXFORD

Copyright 2021 by Claudia Goldin

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Goldin, Claudia Dale, author.

Title: Career and family : womens century-long journey toward equity / Claudia Goldin.

Description: Princeton, New Jersey : Princeton University Press, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2021012483 (print) | LCCN 2021012484 (ebook) | ISBN 9780691201788 (hardback) | ISBN 9780691226736 (ebook)

Subjects: LCSH: Pay equityUnited States. | WagesWomenUnited States. | Dual-career familiesUnited States. | BISAC: SOCIAL SCIENCE / Gender Studies | SOCIAL SCIENCE / Sociology / Marriage & Family

Classification: LCC HD6061.2.U6 G65 2021 (print) | LCC HD6061.2.U6 (ebook) | DDC 331.4/21530973dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021012483

LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021012484

Version 1.0

British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available

Editorial: Joe Jackson, Josh Drake

Production: Danielle Amatucci

Publicity: James Schneider, Kate Farquhar-Thomson

Copyeditor: Kelley Blewster

Jacket Art Credit: tanyadzu / Adobe Stock

1. vii
2. ix

Figures

1. )

Table

THESE MATERIALScan be found on the books PUP webpage or at this link:https://assets.press.princeton.edu/releases/m30613.pdf

Chapter 2

1. Figure 1A (Ch2): Fraction Never Married by Age and Birth Year for White Women with No College
2. Figure 2A (Ch2): Difference in Fraction Never Married between College-Graduate and Noncollege White Women
3. Figure 3A (Ch2): Median Number of Births to College-Graduate Women
4. Figure 4A (Ch2): College Graduation Rates for Males and Females by Race (at Age Thirty)
5. Figure 5A (Ch2): Ratio of Males to Females in College by College Attendance Year and Birth Year
6. Figure 6A (Ch2): Comparing Marriages and Births for Radcliffe/Harvard Graduates with All College Graduates
7. Part A: Fraction Never Married by Age and Birth Group for All College-Graduate Women and Radcliffe/Harvard Graduates
8. Part B: Fraction with No Births by Age and by Birth Group for All College-Graduate Women and for Radcliffe/Harvard Graduates
9. Table 1A (Ch2): Fraction of Male and Female College Students in Coeducational Institutions: 1897 to 1980

Chapter 3

1. Appendix (Ch3): Radcliffe Alumnae Questionnaire of 1928: Further Information
2. Appendix (Ch3): Calculating the Success Matrix for Group One

Chapter 4

1. Table 1A (Ch4): Fraction Married among Teachers by Age, Race, and Region

Chapter 5

1. Table 1A (Ch5): Fraction of Radcliffe Alumnae with Advanced Degrees by Graduation Year: 1900 to 1969
2. Table 2A (Ch5): Fraction of Female Graduates in Selected College Majors by Year of College Graduation
3. Table 3A (Ch5): Selected Demographic and Economic Features of Female College Graduates: Class of June 1957, Surveyed in January 1958 and 1964
4. Table 4A (Ch5): Selected Demographic and Economic Features of Female Graduates: Class of 1961, Surveyed in Spring 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, and 1968
5. Figure 1A (Ch5): Percentage Marrying a College-Graduate Man by Womans Education for Married Women Born from 1912 to 1980
6. Part A: Percentage Marrying a College-Graduate Man for Women with a College Degree versus Women with a High School Diploma
7. Part B: Percentage Marrying a College-Graduate Man for Women with a College Degree versus Women with No More than Three Years of College
8. Appendix (Ch5): Womens Bureau 1957 Survey and 1964 Resurvey: Further Information
9. Appendix (Ch5): Great Aspirations Data: Further Information
10. Appendix (Ch5): Radcliffe College Centennial Survey, 1977: Further Information

Chapter 7

1. Appendix (Ch7): Career and Family Success: Further Information
2. Appendix (Ch7): Harvard and Beyond Project: Further Information

Chapter 8

1. Appendix (Ch8): American Community Survey (ACS) Occupations and O*NET Sample
2. Table 1A (Ch8): ACS Occupations and Industry Groupings
3. Table 2A (Ch8): O*NET Values and Gender Earnings Ratios
4. Figure 1A (Ch8): Earnings Inequality and the Gender Earnings Gap
5. Figure 2A (Ch8): Ratio of Female to Male MBA Annual Earnings around 13 Years (10 to 16 years) since MBA Receipt

Chapter 9

1. Appendix (Ch9): University of Michigan Law School Alumni Survey Research Dataset: Further Information
2. Appendix (Ch9): National Pharmacist Workforce Surveys: 2000, 2004, 2009: Further Information
3. Table 1A (Ch9): Earnings Equations for JDs: University of Michigan Law School Alumni Survey, Longitudinal Sample

Chapter 10

1. Appendix Figure 1A (Ch10): Physician Hours by Specialty, Sex, and Age
2. Part A: Physicians 45 Years and Younger
3. Part B: Physicians Older than 45 Years
4. Appendix Figure 2A (Ch10): Veterinarian Fraction Female, Part-Time, and Owner by Age Group
5. Part A: Fraction Female by Age Group
6. Part B: Fraction Part-Time among Private-Practice Veterinarians by Age Group
7. Part C: Fraction Owners among Private-Practice Veterinarians by Age Group
8. Appendix (Ch10): Community Tracking Study: Further Information
9. Table 1A (Ch10): Physicians and the Gender Earnings Gap
10. Appendix (Ch10): American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Dataset for 2007 and 2009: Further Information
11. Table 2A (Ch10): Veterinarians and the Gender Earnings Gap

Epilogue

1. Appendix Figure 1A (Epilogue): Gender Discontent: New York Times Phrase Searches, 1960 to 2019
2. Appendix Figure 2A (Epilogue): Childcare Hours of College-Educated, Employed Mothers with College-Educated, Employed Husbands by the Age of Their Youngest Child

CAREER & FAMILY

NOW, MORE THAN EVER, couples of all stripes are struggling to balance employment and family, their work lives and home lives. As a nation, we are collectively waking up to the importance of caregiving, to its value, for the present and for future generations. We are starting to fully realize its cost in terms of lost income, flattened careers, and tradeoffs between couples (heterosexual and same sex), as well as the particularly strenuous demands on single mothers and fathers. These realizations predated the pandemic but have been brought into sharp focus by it.

In 1963, Betty Friedan wrote about college-educated women who were frustrated as stay-at-home moms, noting that their problem has no name. Almost sixty years later, female college graduates are largely on career tracks, but their earnings and promotionsrelative to those of the men they graduated withcontinue to make them look like theyve been sideswiped. They, too, have a problem with no name.