Contents
Text copyright 1998 Edith H. Fine and Judith P. Josephson All rights reserved. Published in the United States by Ten Speed Press, an imprint of the Crown Publishing Group, a division of Random House, Inc., New York. www.crownpublishing.com www.tenspeed.com Ten Speed Press and the Ten Speed Press colophon are registered trademarks of Random House, Inc. Art credits: Drabble by Kevin Fagan () are reprinted with permission of United Feature Syndicate, Inc.
For Better or For Worse by Lynn Johnston (), copyright 1993, 1986 Watterson, are reprinted with permission of Universal Press Syndicate; all rights reserved. Baby Blues by Rick Kirkman and Jerry Scott () are reprinted with special permission of King Features Syndicate. Heathcliff by George Gately () are reprinted with permission of Tribune Media Services, Inc.; all rights reserved. Crock by Bill Rechin and Don Wilder () is reprinted with special permission of North America Syndicate. The Far Side by Gary Larson () is reprinted by permission of Chronicle Features, San Francisco, CA; all rights reserved. C. by Johnny Hart () is reprinted by permission of Johnny Hart and Creators Syndicate, Inc. by Johnny Hart () is reprinted by permission of Johnny Hart and Creators Syndicate, Inc.
Single Slices by Peter Kohlsaat (), copyright 1991 Los Angeles Times Syndicate, is reprinted with permission. 9 Chickweed Lane by Brooke McEldowney (), copyright 1997 Brooke McEldowney and distributed by Los Angeles Times Syndicate, is reprinted with permission. Dennis the Menace () is reprinted by permission of Hank Ketcham and copyright North America Syndicate. Rubes by Leigh Rubin () is reprinted with permission of Creators Syndicate. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Fine, Edith Hope. Nitty-gritty grammar / by Edith H.
Fine and Judith P. Josephson. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p. 1. 1.
English language--Grammar. I. Josephson, Judith Pinkerton. II. Title. PE1112.F53 1998 428.2--dc21 97-44240 CIP ISBN9780898159660 Ebook ISBN9780307785619 v4.1_r1 a Our thanks to Julie Castiglia, our hardworking agent,
and Chelsea Vaughn, our intrepid editor.Kudos to our excellent readersEnid Norman, Hilary Crain, Janelle Fine,
Jill Hansen, Melissa Irick, Jeannie Phelan, Mary Pinkerton, and Kay Vaughan.To English teachers everywherebless them.
CONTENTS
Introduction
Grammar? Youre kidding, right? We had been teaching writing workshops at San Diego State for several years when the Director of Extension Programs at the College of Extended Studies asked us to build a grammar review class.
Her request baffled us. Who would come? What would keep people from nodding off? Would we need a brass band to liven up our six-hour workshop? Then again, we are both nutty enough to have liked diagramming in school. As teachers, weve touted grammar and explained it to young children, teenagers, and adults. As writers, we constantly edit and proofread, ever on the lookout for grammar gaffesscrutinizing manuscripts, menus, billboards, articles, and ads. We even offer a grammar service, called Goof-Proofers! Slam dunk! The class was a go. First came a nonthreatening, practical title: Nitty-Gritty Grammar.
Second, we needed razzle-dazzle. Given that grammar is a very serious business, we naturally thought of cartoons. Knowing that a good belly laugh is worth twenty furrowed brows, we culled our vast collection to find great grammar cartoons. We knew that most people hadnt thought about grammar since high school; wed ease them in with humor. Third, we honed in on the basicsthe structure beneath our often perplexing English language. Our first students helped guide us, with questions such as Whats a subject? Agreement? Arent prepositions those three-letter words? How do you spell potato? Over the years, weve taught a wonderfully eclectic mix of peoplesales reps, parents, students, medical workers, lawyers, engineers, secretaries, retirees, teachers, social workers, human resource managers, reporters, people new to English, and many others.
We always promise students two As if they remember to spell grammar with two as! Class participants cite similar complaintsMy boss redlines my work! I never learned grammar in the first place, Grammars my downfall, I listen to newscasters mistakes, and then wonder about the rules! Before we knew it, friends, relatives, and students were sending us grammar pet peeves, puzzlers, and gems for our Blooper Patrol Handbook. This became the Ticker Tape that runs through this book at the bottom of the page. Nitty Gritty Grammar: A Not-So-Serious Guide to Clear Communication is for people who want to speak and write well and who cant afford to have errors tarnish their image. This feet-on-the-ground guide is designed in short sound bitesperfect for reading while on a coffee break, stirring the stew, or waiting in the doctors office. In just minutes a day, you can review grammar basics, spot common errors, and brush up on your skills. Weve designed this book to be funny, unintimidating, and clear.
Popular cartoons illustrate key points. Look for the right way, the wrong way, and the why to help you conquer grammar pitfalls. As you plunge into this refresher, remember our maxim: Basically, between you and Iwhoops!grammar is fun! Edith H. Fine and Judith P. Josephson Encinitas, California December 1997